Liste der Ophiolithe

Ophiolithe sind eine Abfolge ultramafischer und mafischer Magmatite. Es wird angenommen, dass sie die Äquivalente ehemaliger ozeanischer Lithosphärenbereiche (insbesondere der ozeanischen Kruste) darstellen. Ophiolithe treten zwar weltweit auf, sind aber in ihrem Vorkommen eng mit Orogenbildungen assoziiert. Zeitlich können sie rund 2 Milliarden Jahre bis ins Paläoproterozoikum zurückverfolgt werden.

In der folgenden Auflistung sind die Ophiolithe nach Kontinenten geordnet. Bildungsalter (B), Platznahme (P) und Typus (T) sind, soweit bekannt, ebenfalls angegeben.

Afrika

Marokko
- Beni-Bousera-Ophiolith (bzw. Beni-Bousera-Ultramafitkomplex) – Silur, 437 Millionen Jahre (B) – Aquitanium, 22 Millionen Jahre (P) – nur Mantelgesteinsabfolge[1]
- Bou-Azzer-Ophiolith – Neoproterozoikum, > 650 Millionen Jahre (P)[2]

Asien

Indonesien
- Ost-Sulawesi-Ophiolith (Ultramafitgürtel im östlichen Sulawesi) – Aptium bis Campanium, 120 bis 80 Millionen Jahre (B) – Bartonium bis Rupelium, 40 bis 30 Millionen Jahre (P) – Mischtypus (T)[3][4]
Iran
- Baft-Ophiolith – Oberkreide (B) – noch vor Paläozän (P) – Mischtypus (T)[5]
- Band-Ziarat-Ophiolith (Makran-Ophiolith) – Unterkreide (B) – Eozän (P)[6]
- Kermanshah-Ophiolith – Maastrichtium (P) – Suprasubduktions- und Mischtypus (T)[7]
- Mashad-Fariman-Ophiolith Unterperm, Kungurium (B) – Obertrias, Norium (P)[8]
- Naien-Ophiolith – Albium, 101 bis 99 Millionen Jahre (B) – Suprasubduktions- bzw. Mischtypus (T)
- Neyriz-Ophiolith (Zagros-Ophiolith) – Cenomanium, 98 – 96 Millionen Jahre (B) – Coniacium, 89 Millionen Jahre (P) – Suprasubduktionstypus (T)[9]
- Shahr-Babak-Ophiolith – bevor Paläozän (P) – Mischtypus (T)[10]
Japan
- Horokanai-Ophiolith
- Poroshiri-Ophiolith
- Yakuno-Ophiolith
Oman
- Oman-Ophiolith (bzw. Semail-Ophiolith) – Suprasubduktionstypus (T)[11]
Pakistan
- Bela-Ophiolithe – Aptium bis Maastrichtium (B) – Paläozän/Eozän (P) – Transformstörung[12]
- Muslim-Bagh-Ophiolith Oberjura bis Oberkreide (B) – Wende Kreide/Tertiär (P) – Mischtypus (T)[13]
Philippinen
- Angat-Ophiolith (Ost-Luzon)
- Palawan-Ophiolith
- Zambales-Ophiolith (West-Luzon)[14]
Syrien
- Bear-Bassif-Ophiolith – Suprasubduktionstypus (T)[15]
Türkei
- Kizildag-Ophiolith
- Mersin-Ophiolith – Suprasubduktionstypus (T)[16]
Vereinigte Arabische Emirate
- Oman-Ophiolith

Australien und Neuseeland

Geologische Karte von Macquarie Island

Australien
- Macquarie Island – Transformstörung
Neuseeland
- Dun-Mountain-Ophiolithgürtel

Europa

Geologische Karte des Lizard-Ophiolithkomplexes

Albanien
- Bulqiza-Ophiolith – Suprasubduktionstypus
England
- Lizard-Ophiolithkomplex
Finnland
- Jormua-Ophiolith (ältester bekannter Ophiolith) – Paläoproterozoikum[17]
Frankreich
- Chamrousse-Ophiolithkomplex[18]
Griechenland
- Orthis-Ophiolith
- Pindos-Ophiolith
- Vourinos-Ophiolithkomplex[19]
Italien
- Ligurischer Ophiolith
Norwegen
- Leka-Ophiolith
Schottland
- Ballantrae-Ophiolithkomplex
- Shetland-Ophiolith
Spanien
- Ronda-Peridotite[20]
Zypern
- Troodos-Ophiolith – Suprasubduktionstypus (T)[21]

Nordamerika und Zentralamerika

Costa Rica
- Nicoya-Ophiolith[22]
Kanada
- Bay-of-Islands-Ophiolith (Neufundland)
- Purtuniq-Ophiolith (Labrador)[23]
Mexiko
- Vizcaino-Ophiolith
Vereinigte Staaten
- Coast-Range-Ophiolith, Kalifornien
- Josephine-Ophiolith, Oregon
- Trinity-Ophiolith (bzw. Trinity-Peridotit, Nordkalifornien)[24]

Südamerika

Argentinien
- Famatina-Ophiolith
Brasilien
- Cerro-Mantiqueiras-Ophiolith – Neoproterozoikum[25]
Chile
- Rocas-Verdes-Ophiolithe
Kolumbien
- La-Tetilla-Ophiolithkomplex
Peru
- Tapo-Ophiolith

Einzelnachweise

A. P. Gysi, u. a.: Petrogenesis of Pyroxenites and Melt Infiltrations in the Ultramafic Complex of Beni Bousera, Northern Morocco. In: Journal of Petrology. Band 52(9), 2011, S. 1679–1735.
J.L. Bodinier, C. Dupuy, J. Dostal: Geochemistry of precambrian ophiolites from Bou Azzer, Morocco. In: Contrib. Miner. Petrol. Band 78, 1984, S. 43–50.
E. A. Silber: Gravity results and emplacement geometry of the Sulawesi ultramafic belt, Indonesia. In: Geology. Band 6, 1978, S. 527–531.
A. Kadarusman, u. a.: Petrology, geochemistry and paleogeographic reconstruction of the East Sulawesi Ophiolite, Indonesia. In: Tectonophysics. Band 392, Nr. 1–4), 2004, S. 55–83.
M. Arvin, P. T. Robinson: The petrogenesis and tectonic setting of lava from the Baft Ophiolitic Melange southwest of Kerman, Iran. In: Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences. Band 31, 1994, S. 824–834.
A. A. Hassanipak, A. M. Ghazi, J. M. Wampler: REE characteristics and K/Ar ages of the Band Ziarat ophiolite complex, southeastern Iran. In: Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences. Band 33, 1996, S. 1534–1542.
A. M. Ghazi, A. A. Hassanipak: Geochemistry of sub-alkaline and alkaline extrusive from Kermanshah Ophiolite, Zagros suture zone, western Iran: implications for Tethyan plate tectonics. In: Journal of Asian Earth Sciences. Band 17, Nr. 3, 1999, S. 319–332.
A. W. Ruttner: Southern borderland of Triassic Laurasia in north-east Iran. In: Geologische Rundschau. Band 82, 1993, S. 110–120.
M. A. Lanphere, J. Pamic: 40Ar/39Ar age and tectonic setting of ophiolites from Neyriz area, south-east Zagros ranges, Iran. In: Tectonophysics. Band 96, 1983, S. 245–256.
A. M. Ghazi, A. A. Hassanipak: Geochemistry, petrology and the origin of Shahr-Babak Ophiolite, Central Iran. In: Ofioliti. 24 (1a), 1999, S. 96–97.
S.J. Lippard, A.W. Shelton, I.G. Gass: The ophiolite of northern Oman. In: Geological Society of London Memoir. Band 11, 1986, S. 178.
G. Sarwar: Tectonic setting of the Bela Ophiolites, southern Pakistan. In: Tectonophysics. Band 207, 1992, S. 359–381.
M. Khan, u. a.: Formation and tectonic evolution of the Cretaceous–Jurassic Muslim Bagh ophiolitic complex, Pakistan: Implications for the composite tectonic setting of ophiolites. In: Journal of Asian Earth Sciences. Band 31, 2007, S. 112–127, doi:10.1016/j.jseaes.2007.04.006.
G.P. Yumul, C.B. Dimalanta, F.T. Jumawan: Geology of the southern Zambales ophiolite complex, Luzon, Philippines. In: Island Arc. Band 9, 2000, S. 542–555.
K. Al-Riyami, u. a.: Tectonic evolution of the Mesozoic Arabian passive continental margin and related ophiolite in Bear-Bassit region (NW Syria). In: International Conference on the Geology of the Eastern Mediterranean. Band 3, 2000, S. 61–81.
O. Parlak, M. Delaloye: Ages from the metamorphic sole of the Mersin ophiolite (southern Turkey). In: Tectonophysics. Band 301, Nr. 1/2, 1999, S. 145–158.
P. Peltonen, u. a.: Petrogenesis of the Mantle Sequence of the Jormua Ophiolite (Finland): Melt Migration in the Upper Mantle during Palaeoproterozoic Continental Break-up. In: Journal of Petrology. Band 39, Nr. 2, 1998, S. 297–329.
R.P. Menot: Cambro-Ordovician age for the ophiolitic complex of Chamrousse-Tabor (Belledonne Massif, French external Alpine domain). In: Abstr. Meet. Ophiolites through time. 1984, S. 43.
J. Zimmerman: Emplacement of the Vourinos ophiolitic complex, northern Greece. In: Mem. Geol. Soc. Am. Band 132, 1972, S. 225–239.
J. M. Tubia, J. Cuevas: Structures et cinématique liées à la mise en place des péridotites de Ronda (Cordillières Bétiques, Espagne). In: Geodin. Acta. Band 1, 1987.
A. Miyashiro: The Troodos Ophiolite complex was probably formed in an island arc. In: Earth and Planetary Science Letters. Band 19, 1973, S. 218–224.
H. G. H. Wildberg: Die Magmatite des Nicoya-Komplexes, Costa Rica, Zentralamerika. In: Doktorarbeit, Universität Münster. 1983, S. 168.
S. B. Lucas: Relations between thrust belt evolution, grain-scale deformation and metamorphic processes, Cape Smith Belt, northern Canada. In: Tectonophysics. Band 177, 1990, S. 151–182.
M. Carnot, C. Lécuyer: Ephemeral magma chambers in the Trinity peridotite, northern California. In: Tectonophysics. Band 186, 1991, S. 313–328.
L. A. Hartmann, u. a.: Mid amphibolite facies metamorphism of harzburgites in the Neoproterozoic Cerro Mantiqueiras Ophiolite, southernmost Brazil. 2003.

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[1] A. P. Gysi, u. a.: Petrogenesis of Pyroxenites and Melt Infiltrations in the Ultramafic Complex of Beni Bousera, Northern Morocco. In: Journal of Petrology. Band 52(9), 2011, S. 1679–1735.

[2] J.L. Bodinier, C. Dupuy, J. Dostal: Geochemistry of precambrian ophiolites from Bou Azzer, Morocco. In: Contrib. Miner. Petrol. Band 78, 1984, S. 43–50.

[3] E. A. Silber: Gravity results and emplacement geometry of the Sulawesi ultramafic belt, Indonesia. In: Geology. Band 6, 1978, S. 527–531.

[4] A. Kadarusman, u. a.: Petrology, geochemistry and paleogeographic reconstruction of the East Sulawesi Ophiolite, Indonesia. In: Tectonophysics. Band 392, Nr. 1–4), 2004, S. 55–83.

[5] M. Arvin, P. T. Robinson: The petrogenesis and tectonic setting of lava from the Baft Ophiolitic Melange southwest of Kerman, Iran. In: Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences. Band 31, 1994, S. 824–834.

[6] A. A. Hassanipak, A. M. Ghazi, J. M. Wampler: REE characteristics and K/Ar ages of the Band Ziarat ophiolite complex, southeastern Iran. In: Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences. Band 33, 1996, S. 1534–1542.

[7] A. M. Ghazi, A. A. Hassanipak: Geochemistry of sub-alkaline and alkaline extrusive from Kermanshah Ophiolite, Zagros suture zone, western Iran: implications for Tethyan plate tectonics. In: Journal of Asian Earth Sciences. Band 17, Nr. 3, 1999, S. 319–332.

[8] A. W. Ruttner: Southern borderland of Triassic Laurasia in north-east Iran. In: Geologische Rundschau. Band 82, 1993, S. 110–120.

[9] M. A. Lanphere, J. Pamic: 40Ar/39Ar age and tectonic setting of ophiolites from Neyriz area, south-east Zagros ranges, Iran. In: Tectonophysics. Band 96, 1983, S. 245–256.

[10] A. M. Ghazi, A. A. Hassanipak: Geochemistry, petrology and the origin of Shahr-Babak Ophiolite, Central Iran. In: Ofioliti. 24 (1a), 1999, S. 96–97.

[11] S.J. Lippard, A.W. Shelton, I.G. Gass: The ophiolite of northern Oman. In: Geological Society of London Memoir. Band 11, 1986, S. 178.

[12] G. Sarwar: Tectonic setting of the Bela Ophiolites, southern Pakistan. In: Tectonophysics. Band 207, 1992, S. 359–381.

[13] M. Khan, u. a.: Formation and tectonic evolution of the Cretaceous–Jurassic Muslim Bagh ophiolitic complex, Pakistan: Implications for the composite tectonic setting of ophiolites. In: Journal of Asian Earth Sciences. Band 31, 2007, S. 112–127, doi:10.1016/j.jseaes.2007.04.006.

[14] G.P. Yumul, C.B. Dimalanta, F.T. Jumawan: Geology of the southern Zambales ophiolite complex, Luzon, Philippines. In: Island Arc. Band 9, 2000, S. 542–555.

[15] K. Al-Riyami, u. a.: Tectonic evolution of the Mesozoic Arabian passive continental margin and related ophiolite in Bear-Bassit region (NW Syria). In: International Conference on the Geology of the Eastern Mediterranean. Band 3, 2000, S. 61–81.

[16] O. Parlak, M. Delaloye: Ages from the metamorphic sole of the Mersin ophiolite (southern Turkey). In: Tectonophysics. Band 301, Nr. 1/2, 1999, S. 145–158.

[17] P. Peltonen, u. a.: Petrogenesis of the Mantle Sequence of the Jormua Ophiolite (Finland): Melt Migration in the Upper Mantle during Palaeoproterozoic Continental Break-up. In: Journal of Petrology. Band 39, Nr. 2, 1998, S. 297–329.

[18] R.P. Menot: Cambro-Ordovician age for the ophiolitic complex of Chamrousse-Tabor (Belledonne Massif, French external Alpine domain). In: Abstr. Meet. Ophiolites through time. 1984, S. 43.

[19] J. Zimmerman: Emplacement of the Vourinos ophiolitic complex, northern Greece. In: Mem. Geol. Soc. Am. Band 132, 1972, S. 225–239.

[20] J. M. Tubia, J. Cuevas: Structures et cinématique liées à la mise en place des péridotites de Ronda (Cordillières Bétiques, Espagne). In: Geodin. Acta. Band 1, 1987.

[21] A. Miyashiro: The Troodos Ophiolite complex was probably formed in an island arc. In: Earth and Planetary Science Letters. Band 19, 1973, S. 218–224.

[22] H. G. H. Wildberg: Die Magmatite des Nicoya-Komplexes, Costa Rica, Zentralamerika. In: Doktorarbeit, Universität Münster. 1983, S. 168.

[23] S. B. Lucas: Relations between thrust belt evolution, grain-scale deformation and metamorphic processes, Cape Smith Belt, northern Canada. In: Tectonophysics. Band 177, 1990, S. 151–182.

[24] M. Carnot, C. Lécuyer: Ephemeral magma chambers in the Trinity peridotite, northern California. In: Tectonophysics. Band 186, 1991, S. 313–328.

[25] L. A. Hartmann, u. a.: Mid amphibolite facies metamorphism of harzburgites in the Neoproterozoic Cerro Mantiqueiras Ophiolite, southernmost Brazil. 2003.