Liste der obersten Vertreter der englischen und britischen Krone in Irland
Die nachfolgende Liste enthält die obersten Vertreter der englischen und britischen Krone in Irland von der anglo-normannischen Eroberung im 12. Jahrhundert bis zur Teilung Irlands 1922. Diese Vertreter hatten verschiedene Amtsbezeichnungen, so (Chief) Justiciar of Ireland bis ins 14. Jahrhundert, (King’s) Lieutenant oder (Lord) Deputy im Spätmittelalter und der Frühen Neuzeit und schließlich Lord Lieutenant of Ireland. Inoffiziell wurden sie häufig auch als Vizekönige bezeichnet.
Liste
Die Liste basiert im Wesentlichen auf den Angaben aus Charles O’Mahonys Überblicksdarstellung The Viceroys of Ireland aus dem Jahre 1912,[1] wobei der Zeitraum der tatsächlichen Anwesenheit in Irland zugrundegelegt wurde, dessen Beginn vom Zeitpunkt der Ernennung abweichen kann. Zeitlich nicht genau zu bestimmende Angaben sind mit Fragezeichen gekennzeichnet. Zusätzlich sind die jeweils regierenden englischen/britischen Monarchen angegeben sowie in der vierten Spalte eine Auswahl wichtiger Irland betreffender Ereignisse zur zeitlichen Einordnung.
| Name | Zeitraum | englischer/britischer Monarch | wichtige Ereignisse |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1171–1172 | Heinrich II. | Anglonormannische Eroberung von Irland | |
| Hugh de Lacy, Lord of Meath | 1172–1173 | ||
| Richard de Clare, 2. Earl of Pembroke (Strongbow) | 1173–1176 | Vertrag von Windsor (1175) | |
| Raymond FitzGerald | 1176–1177 | ||
| William FitzAldelm | 1177–1179 | Lordschaft Irland (ab 1177) | |
| Hugh de Lacy, Lord of Meath | 1179–1181 | ||
| John FitzRichard und Richard le Peche | 1181 | ||
| Hugh de Lacy, Lord of Meath und Hubert Walter, Bischof von Salisbury | 1181–1184 | ||
| Prinz Johann Ohneland | 1184–1185 | ||
| John de Courcy | 1185–1189 | ||
| Hugh de Lacy (Sohn) | 1189–1190 | Richard Löwenherz | |
| William le Petil | 1190–1191 | ||
| William Marshal, 1. Earl of Pembroke | 1191–1194 | ||
| Peter Pipard | 1194 | ||
| Hamon de Valognes | 1197–1199 | ||
| Meiler FitzHenry | 1199–1208 | Johann Ohneland | |
| John de Gray | 1208–1213 | ||
| Henry of London | 1213–1215 | ||
| Geoffrey de Marisco | 1215–1221 | 1216: Great Charter of Ireland | |
| Heinrich III. | |||
| William Marshal, 2. Earl of Pembroke | 1224–1226 | ||
| Geoffrey de Marisco | 1226–1227 | ||
| Richard de Burgh | 1227–1229 | ||
| Maurice FitzGerald, 2. Lord of Offaly | 1229–1245 | ||
| John fitz Geoffrey | 1245–1255 | ||
| Alan de la Zouche | 1255–1259 | ||
| Stephen Longespée | 1259–1260 | ||
| William le Dene | 1260–1261 | ||
| Sir Richard de la Rochelle | 1261–1266 | 1264: erste Versammlung des Parliament of Ireland | |
| John fitz Geoffrey | 1266–1267 | ||
| Sir Robert of Ufford | 1268 | ||
| Richard d’Exeter | 1269 | ||
| James Audley | 1270–1272 | ||
| Maurice FitzGerald, 3. Lord of Offaly | 1272–1273 | Eduard I. | |
| Geoffrey de Geneville, 1. Baron Geneville | 1273–1276 | ||
| Sir Robert of Ufford | 1276–1282 | ||
| Stephen de Fulbourn, Erzbischof von Tuam (?) | 1282–1288 | ||
| John of Sandford, Erzbischof von Dublin | 1288–1290 | ||
| William de Vescy, 1. Baron Vescy | 1290–1293 | ||
| William de la Haye | 1293 | ||
| William D'Ardingselles | 1294 | ||
| Thomas FitzGerald, 2. Baron Desmond | 1294–1295 | ||
| Sir John Wogan | 1295–1308 | ||
| Eduard II. | |||
| Piers Gaveston, 1. Earl of Cornwall | 1308–1309 | ||
| Sir John Wogan | 1309–1312 | ||
| Sir Edmund Butler | 1312–1314 | ||
| Theobald de Verdon, 2. Baron Verdon | 1314–1315 | ||
| Sir Edmund Butler | 1315–1317 | 1315–1318: Rebellion unter Edward Bruce | |
| Roger Mortimer, 1. Earl of March | 1317–1320 | ||
| Thomas FitzGerald, 2. Earl of Kildare | 1320–1321 | ||
| John de Bermingham, 1. Earl of Louth | 1321 | ||
| Ralph de Gorges | 1321–? | ||
| John Darcy, 1. Baron Darcy de Knayth | ?–1326 | ||
| Thomas FitzGerald, 2. Earl of Kildare | 1326–1328 | ||
| Eduard III. | |||
| Roger Utlagh | 1328–1331 | ||
| William de Burgh, 3. Earl of Ulster | 1331–1332 | ||
| John Darcy, 1. Baron Darcy de Knayth bzw. Thomas de Burgh (Deputy Lieutenant) | 1332–1337 | ||
| John Darcy, 1. Baron Darcy de Knayth bzw. John de Cherleton (Deputy Lieutenant) | 1337–1338 | ||
| Thomas Charlton, Bischof von Hereford | 1338–1340 | ||
| Roger Utlagh | 1340 | ||
| Sir John Moriz | 1340–1344 | ||
| Sir Ralph Ufford | 1344–1346 | ||
| Sir John Moriz | 1346–1348 | ||
| Walter de Bermingham | 1348–1349 | ||
| Sir John Carew | 1349 | ||
| Sir Thomas Rokeby | 1349–1355 | ||
| Maurice FitzGerald, 1. Earl of Desmond | 1355–1356 | ||
| Sir Thomas Rokeby | 1356–1357 | ||
| Almaric St Amand, 2. Baron St Amand bzw. Maurice FitzGerald, 4. Earl of Kildare (Deputy) | 1356–1359 | ||
| James Butler, 2. Earl of Ormond | 1359–1361 | ||
| Lionel of Antwerp (später 1. Duke of Clarence) | 1361–1367 | 1366: Kilkenny-Statuten | |
| Gerald FitzGerald, 4. Earl of Desmond | 1367–1369 | ||
| Sir William de Windsor | 1369–1371 | ||
| Maurice FitzGerald, 4. Earl of Kildare | 1371–? | ||
| Dean de Colton | ?–? | ||
| William de Taney | ?–1374 | ||
| Sir William de Windsor | 1374–1376 | ||
| Maurice FitzGerald, 4. Earl of Kildare | 1376 | ||
| James Butler, 2. Earl of Ormond | 1376–1378 | ||
| Richard II. | |||
| Alexander de Balscot und John de Bromwich | 1378–1380 | ||
| Edmund Mortimer, 3. Earl of March | 1380–1381 | ||
| Dean de Colton | 1381 | ||
| Roger Mortimer, 4. Earl of March bzw. Thomas de Mortimer (Deputy) | 1382–1387 | ||
| Sir Philip de Courtenay | 1387 | ||
| Robert de Vere, 9. Earl of Oxford (und Duke of Ireland) | 1387 | ||
| Alexander de Balscot, Bischof von Meath | 1387–1389 | ||
| Sir John de Stanley | 1389–1391 | ||
| James Butler, 3. Earl of Ormond | 1391–1395 | ||
| Roger Mortimer, 4. Earl of March | 1395–1398 | ||
| John de Colton, Erzbischof von Armagh | 1398–1399 | ||
| Thomas Holland, 1. Duke of Surrey | 1399 | ||
| Sir John de Stanley | 1399–1402 | Heinrich IV. | |
| Prinz Thomas of Lancaster, 1. Duke of Clarence | 1402–1403 | ||
| Sir Stephen le Scrope (Deputy) | 1403–1405 | ||
| James Butler, 3. Earl of Ormond (Deputy) | 1405 | ||
| Gerald FitzGerald, 5. Earl of Kildare (Deputy) | 1405–1408 | ||
| Prinz Thomas of Lancaster, 1. Duke of Clarence | 1408–1410 | ||
| Thomas Le Boteller | 1410–1413 | ||
| Sir John de Stanley | 1413–1414 | Heinrich V. | |
| Thomas Cranley, Erzbischof von Dublin | 1414 | ||
| Sir John Talbot | 1414–1419 | ||
| Richard Talbot, Erzbischof von Dublin | 1419–? | ||
| James Butler, 4. Earl of Ormond | ?–? (3 Jahre) | ||
| Heinrich VI. | |||
| Edmund Mortimer, 5. Earl of March | 1424–1425 | ||
| James Butler, 4. Earl of Ormond | 1425–1427 | ||
| Sir John Grey de Ruthyn | 1427–1428 | ||
| Sir John Sutton | 1428–1429 | ||
| Sir Thomas le Strange | 1429–1431 | ||
| Sir Lionel de Welles | 1431–1438 | ||
| William de Welles | 1438–1446 | ||
| John Talbot, 1. Earl of Shrewsbury | 1446–1449 (?) | ||
| Richard Plantagenet, 3. Duke of York | 1449–1450 | ||
| John Mey, Erzbischof von Armagh (Deputy) | 1450–1454 (?) | ||
| Edmund Fitz-Eustace (Deputy) | 1454–1455 (?) | Rosenkriege (1455–1485/87) | |
| Thomas FitzGerald, 7. Earl of Kildare (Deputy) | 1455–1459 | ||
| Richard Plantagenet, 3. Duke of York | 1459–1460 (?) | ||
| George Plantagenet, 1. Duke of Clarence | 1462–1478 | Eduard IV. | |
| Sir Rowland FitzEustace (Deputy) | 1462–1464 | ||
| Thomas FitzGerald, 7. Earl of Desmond (Deputy) | 1464–? | ||
| John Tiptoft, 1. Earl of Worcester (Deputy) | ?–1468 | ||
| Thomas FitzGerald, 7. Earl of Kildare (Deputy) | 1468–? | ||
| Edmund Dudley (Deputy) | ?–1470 | ||
| Thomas FitzGerald, 7. Earl of Kildare (Deputy) | 1470–1475 | Heinrich VI. | |
| Eduard IV. | |||
| William Sherwood, Bischof von Meath | 1475–? | ||
| Gerald FitzGerald, 8. Earl of Kildare | ?–1478 | ||
| John de la Pole, 2. Duke of Suffolk | 1478 | ||
| Henry Grey, 4. Baron Grey of Codnor (Deputy) | 1478 | ||
| Richard of Shrewsbury, 1. Duke of York | 1479 | ||
| Robert Preston, 1. Viscount Gormanston | 1479–1481 | ||
| Gerald FitzGerald, 8. Earl of Kildare (Deputy) | 1481–1484 | ||
| Eduard V. | |||
| Richard III. | |||
| Edward of Middleham (nominell) | 1483–1484 | ||
| John de la Pole, 1. Earl of Lincoln | 1484–1485 | ||
| Jasper Tudor, 1. Duke of Bedford | 1485–? | Heinrich VII. | |
| Gerald FitzGerald, 8. Earl of Kildare | 1487–? | ||
| Lambert Simnel (falscher „Edward VI.“) | |||
| Heinrich VII. | |||
| Walter Fitzsimon (Deputy) | ?–1493 | ||
| Robert Preston, 1. Viscount Gormanston (Deputy) | 1493–1494 | ||
| Henry Tudor, Duke of York (nominell) | 1494–1519 | ||
| Sir Edward Poynings (Deputy) | 1494–? | 1494: Poynings’ Law | |
| Henry Deane, Bischof von Bangor (Lordkanzler) | ?–? | ||
| Gerald FitzGerald, 8. Earl of Kildare | ?–1513 | ||
| Heinrich VIII. | |||
| Gerald FitzGerald, 9. Earl of Kildare | 1513–1518/19 | ||
| Thomas Howard, Earl of Surrey | 1519–1523 | ||
| Piers Butler, 8. Earl of Ormond | 1523–1524 | ||
| Gerald FitzGerald, 9. Earl of Kildare | 1524–1529 | ||
| Piers Butler, 8. Earl of Ormond | 1529–1530 | ||
| Sir William Skeffington | 1530–1532 | ||
| Gerald FitzGerald, 9. Earl of Kildare | 1532–1534 | ||
| Thomas FitzGerald, Lord Offaly | 1534 | ||
| Sir William Skeffington | 1534–1535 | ||
| Leonard Grey, 1. Viscount Grane | 1536–1540 | ||
| Sir Anthony St Leger | 1540–1548 | 1542: die Lordschaft wird unter dem Crown of Ireland Act zum Königreich Irland in Personalunion mit der englischen Krone | |
| Eduard VI. | |||
| Sir Edward Bellingham | 1548–1549 (?) | ||
| Sir Francis Bryan | 1550 | ||
| Sir Anthony St Leger | 1550–1556 | ||
| Maria I. | |||
| Sir James Croft (Deputy) | 1551–1552 | ||
| Thomas Radclyffe, 3. Earl of Sussex | 1556–1557 | ||
| Sir Henry Sidney | 1557–1558 | ||
| Thomas Radclyffe, 3. Earl of Sussex | 1559–1564 | Elisabeth I. | |
| Sir Henry Sidney | 1564–1578 | 1569–1583: Desmond-Rebellionen | |
| Sir William Pelham | 1578–1580 | ||
| Arthur Grey, 14. Baron Grey de Wilton | 1580–1582 | ||
| Adam Loftus, Erzbischof von Dublin, und Henry Wallop (Lords Justices) | 1582–1584 | ||
| John Perrot | 1584–1588 | ab 1584: großangelegte Ansiedlungen von Protestanten (Plantations) | |
| Sir William Fitzwilliam | 1588–1594 | ||
| Sir William Russell | 1594–1597 | 1594–1604: Tyrone’s Rebellion | |
| Thomas Burgh, 3. Baron Burgh | 1597 | ||
| Sir Thomas Norris (Lord Justice) | 1597 | ||
| Adam Loftus, Erzbischof von Dublin, Robert Gardiner und Thomas Butler, 10. Earl of Ormond (Lords Justices) | 1597–1599 | ||
| Robert Devereux, 2. Earl of Essex | 1599 | ||
| Sir Charles Blount | 1600–1603 | ||
| Sir George Carey (Deputy) | 1603–1604 | Jakob I. | |
| Sir Arthur Chichester | 1605–1614 | 1607: Flucht der Grafen ab 1609: Ulster Plantation | |
| Sir Oliver St John | 1616–1622 | ||
| Henry Cary, 1. Viscount Falkland | 1622–1629 | ||
| Karl I. | |||
| (Lords Justices) | 1629–1633 | ||
| Thomas Wentworth, 1. Earl of Strafford | 1633–1640 | ||
| (Lords Justices) | 1640–1644 | 1641/42: Irische Rebellion 1642–1649: Konföderation Irland | |
| James Butler, 12. Earl of Ormonde | 1644–1647 | ||
| Philip Sidney, Lord Lisle | 1647 | ||
| James Butler, 1. Marquess of Ormonde | 1648–1649 | ||
| 1649–1660 | – | Commonwealth of England unter Oliver Cromwell und Richard Cromwell 1649–1653: Rückeroberung Irlands | |
| George Monck, 1. Duke of Albemarle | 1660–1662 | Karl II. | 1660–1688: Stuart-Restauration |
| James Butler, 1. Duke of Ormonde | 1662–1669 | ||
| John Robartes, 1. Earl of Radnor | 1669–1670 | ||
| John Berkeley, 1. Baron Berkeley of Stratton | 1670–1672 | ||
| Arthur Capell, 1. Earl of Essex | 1672–1677 | ||
| James Butler, 1. Duke of Ormonde | 1677–1683 | ||
| Laurence Hyde, 1. Earl of Rochester | 1683–? | ||
| (Lords Justices) | ?–1685 | ||
| Henry Hyde, 2. Earl of Clarendon | 1685–1687 | Jakob II. | |
| Richard Talbot, 1. Earl of Tyrconnell | 1687–1689 | 1688/89: Glorious Revolution in England | |
| 1689–1691 | Krieg der zwei Könige in Irland | ||
| Henry Sydney, Viscount Sidney | 1692–1693 | Wilhelm III. und Maria II. | |
| Henry Capell, 1. Baron Capell of Tewkesbury u. a. (Commissioners) | 1693–1695 | ||
| Henry Capell, 1. Baron Capell of Tewkesbury | 1695–1696 | ||
| (Lords Justices) | 1696–1700 | ||
| Laurence Hyde, 1. Earl of Rochester | 1700–1702/03 | ||
| James Butler, 2. Duke of Ormonde | 1703–1707 | Anne | |
| Thomas Herbert, 8. Earl of Pembroke | 1707–1708 | ||
| Thomas Wharton, 1. Earl of Wharton | 1708–1710 | ||
| James Butler, 2. Duke of Ormonde | 1710–1713 | ||
| Charles Talbot, 1. Duke of Shrewsbury | 1713–1717 | ||
| Georg I. | |||
| (Lords Justices) | 1717–1719 | ||
| Charles Paulet, 2. Duke of Bolton | 1719–1721 | ||
| Charles FitzRoy, 2. Duke of Grafton | 1721–1723 | ||
| John Carteret, Lord Carteret | 1724–1729 | ||
| Georg II. | |||
| Lionel Sackville, 1. Duke of Dorset | 1731–1736 | ||
| William Cavendish, 3. Duke of Devonshire | 1737–1744 | 1740–1741: Hungersnot | |
| Philip Stanhope, 4. Earl of Chesterfield | 1745–1746 | ||
| William Stanhope, 1. Earl of Harrington | 1746–1751 | ||
| Lionel Sackville, 1. Duke of Dorset | 1751–1755 | ||
| William Cavendish, 4. Duke of Devonshire | 1755–1756 | ||
| John Russell, 4. Duke of Bedford | 1757–1761 | ||
| Georg III. | |||
| George Montagu-Dunk, 2. Earl of Halifax | 1761–1763 | ||
| Hugh Percy, 1. Duke of Northumberland | 1763–1765 | ||
| Francis Seymour-Conway, 1. Marquess of Hertford | 1765–1766 | ||
| George Townshend, 1. Marquess Townshend | 1767–1772 | ||
| Simon Harcourt, 1. Earl Harcourt | 1772–1776 | ||
| John Hobart, 2. Earl of Buckinghamshire | 1776–1780 | ||
| Frederick Howard, 5. Earl of Carlisle | 1780–1782 | ||
| William Henry Cavendish-Bentinck, 3. Duke of Portland | 1782 | Verfassung von 1782 | |
| George Nugent-Temple-Grenville, Earl Temple | 1782–1783 | ||
| Robert Henley, 2. Earl of Northington | 1783–1784 | ||
| Charles Manners, 4. Duke of Rutland | 1784–1787 | ||
| George Nugent-Temple-Grenville, 1. Marquess of Buckingham | 1787–1789 | ||
| John Fane, 10. Earl of Westmorland | 1789–1794 | ||
| William Fitzwilliam, 4. Earl Fitzwilliam | 1794–95 | ||
| John Pratt, 1. Marquess Camden | 1795–1798 | 1796: französischer Invasionsversuch 1798: Irische Rebellion | |
| Charles Cornwallis, 1. Marquess Cornwallis | 1798–1801 | 1801: Irland wird Teil des Vereinigten Königreichs unter dem Act of Union | |
| Philip Yorke, 3. Earl of Hardwicke | 1801–1806 | 1803: Aufstandsversuch unter Robert Emmet | |
| John Russell, 6. Duke of Bedford | 1806–1807 | ||
| Charles Lennox, 4. Duke of Richmond | 1807–1813 | ||
| Charles Whitworth, 1. Earl Whitworth | 1813–1817 | ||
| Charles Chetwynd-Talbot, 2. Earl Talbot | 1817–1821 | ||
| Georg IV. | |||
| Richard Wellesley, 1. Marquess Wellesley | 1821–1828 | ||
| Henry Paget, 1. Marquess of Anglesey | 1828–1829 | 1829: Roman Catholic Relief Act | |
| Hugh Percy, 3. Duke of Northumberland | 1829–1830 | ||
| Henry Paget, 1. Marquess of Anglesey | 1830–1833 | Wilhelm IV. | 1831–1836: Zehnt-Krieg |
| Richard Wellesley, 1. Marquess Wellesley | 1833–1834 | ||
| Thomas Hamilton, 9. Earl of Haddington | 1835 | ||
| Constantine Phipps, 2. Earl Mulgrave | 1835–1839 | ||
| Victoria | |||
| Hugh Fortescue, Viscount Ebrington | 1839–1841 | ||
| Thomas de Grey, 2. Earl de Grey | 1841–1844 | ||
| William à Court, 1. Baron Heytesbury | 1844–1846 | 1845–1852: Große Hungersnot in Irland | |
| John Ponsonby, 4. Earl of Bessborough | 1846–1847 | ||
| George Villiers, 4. Earl of Clarendon | 1847–1852 | ||
| Archibald Montgomerie, 13. Earl of Eglinton | 1852 | ||
| Edward Eliot, 3. Earl of St Germans | 1853–1855 | ||
| George Howard, 7. Earl of Carlisle | 1855–1858 | ||
| Archibald Montgomerie, 13. Earl of Eglinton | 1858–1859 | ||
| George Howard, 7. Earl of Carlisle | 1859–1864 | ||
| John Wodehouse, 1. Earl of Kimberley | 1864–1866 | ||
| James Hamilton, 1. Marquess of Abercorn | 1866–1868 | 1867: Fenieraufstand | |
| John Spencer, 5. Earl Spencer | 1868–1874 | 1869: Irish Church Act | |
| James Hamilton, 1. Duke of Abercorn | 1874–1876 | ||
| John Spencer-Churchill, 7. Duke of Marlborough | 1877–1880 | ||
| Francis Cowper, 7. Earl Cowper | 1880–1882 | ||
| John Spencer, 5. Earl Spencer | 1882–1885 | 1882: Phoenix-Park-Morde | |
| Henry Herbert, 4. Earl of Carnarvon | 1885–1886 | ||
| John Hamilton-Gordon, 7. Earl of Aberdeen | 1886 | ||
| Charles Vane-Tempest-Stewart, 6. Marquess of Londonderry | 1886–1889 | ||
| Lawrence Dundas, 3. Earl of Zetland | 1889–1892 | ||
| Robert Crewe-Milnes, 2. Baron Houghton | 1892–1895 | ||
| George Cadogan, 5. Earl Cadogan | 1895–1902 | ||
| William Humble Ward, 2. Earl of Dudley | 1902–1905 | Eduard VII. | |
| John Hamilton-Gordon, 7. Earl of Aberdeen | 1905–1915 | ||
| Georg V. | 1914: Government of Ireland Act, ausgesetzt wegen des Ersten Weltkriegs | ||
| Ivor Guest, 2. Baron Wimborne | 1915–1918 | 1916: Osteraufstand 1918: Wehrpflichtkrise von 1918 | |
| John French, 1. Viscount French | 1918–1921 | 1919–1921: Irischer Unabhängigkeitskrieg 1920: Government of Ireland Act | |
| Edmund Fitzalan-Howard, 1. Viscount FitzAlan of Derwent | 1921–1922 | 1921: Anglo-Irischer Vertrag |
Siehe auch
Literatur
- Peter Gray, Olwen Purdue (Hrsg.): The Irish Lord Lieutenancy c. 1541–1922. University College Dublin Press, 2012.
Fußnoten
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