Undecane

Die Undecane sind eine Stoffgruppe aus der Gruppe der Alkane. Sie besteht aus 159 isomeren Verbindungen[1] mit der Summenformel C₁₁H₂₄.

Der lineare Vertreter ist das n-Undecan.

Die folgende Tabelle gibt einen Überblick über alle konstitutionsisomeren Undecane, gruppiert nach Anzahl der Kohlenstoffatome in der Hauptkette bzw. nach den Substituenten:[2]

Substituenten	Anzahl der C-Atome in der Hauptkette
Substituenten	11	10	9	8	7	6	5
---	n-Undecan
Methyl		2-Methyldecan 3-Methyldecan 4-Methyldecan 5-Methyldecan	2,2-Dimethylnonan 2,3-Dimethylnonan 2,4-Dimethylnonan 2,5-Dimethylnonan 2,6-Dimethylnonan 2,7-Dimethylnonan 2,8-Dimethylnonan 3,3-Dimethylnonan 3,4-Dimethylnonan 3,5-Dimethylnonan 3,6-Dimethylnonan 3,7-Dimethylnonan 4,4-Dimethylnonan 4,5-Dimethylnonan 4,6-Dimethylnonan 5,5-Dimethylnonan	2,2,3-Trimethyloctan 2,2,4-Trimethyloctan 2,2,5-Trimethyloctan 2,2,6-Trimethyloctan 2,2,7-Trimethyloctan 2,3,3-Trimethyloctan 2,3,4-Trimethyloctan 2,3,5-Trimethyloctan 2,3,6-Trimethyloctan 2,3,7-Trimethyloctan 2,4,4-Trimethyloctan 2,4,5-Trimethyloctan 2,4,6-Trimethyloctan 2,4,7-Trimethyloctan 2,5,5-Trimethyloctan 2,5,6-Trimethyloctan 2,6,6-Trimethyloctan 3,3,4-Trimethyloctan 3,3,5-Trimethyloctan 3,3,6-Trimethyloctan 3,4,4-Trimethyloctan 3,4,5-Trimethyloctan 3,4,6-Trimethyloctan 3,5,5-Trimethyloctan 4,4,5-Trimethyloctan	2,2,3,3-Tetramethylheptan 2,2,3,4-Tetramethylheptan 2,2,3,5-Tetramethylheptan 2,2,3,6-Tetramethylheptan 2,2,4,4-Tetramethylheptan 2,2,4,5-Tetramethylheptan 2,2,4,6-Tetramethylheptan 2,2,5,5-Tetramethylheptan 2,2,5,6-Tetramethylheptan 2,2,6,6-Tetramethylheptan 2,3,3,4-Tetramethylheptan 2,3,3,5-Tetramethylheptan 2,3,3,6-Tetramethylheptan 2,3,4,4-Tetramethylheptan 2,3,4,5-Tetramethylheptan 2,3,4,6-Tetramethylheptan 2,3,5,5-Tetramethylheptan 2,3,5,6-Tetramethylheptan 2,4,4,5-Tetramethylheptan 2,4,4,6-Tetramethylheptan 2,4,5,5-Tetramethylheptan 3,3,4,4-Tetramethylheptan 3,3,4,5-Tetramethylheptan 3,3,5,5-Tetramethylheptan 3,4,4,5-Tetramethylheptan	2,2,3,3,4-Pentamethylhexan 2,2,3,3,5-Pentamethylhexan 2,2,3,4,4-Pentamethylhexan 2,2,3,4,5-Pentamethylhexan 2,2,3,5,5-Pentamethylhexan 2,2,4,4,5-Pentamethylhexan 2,3,3,4,4-Pentamethylhexan 2,3,3,4,5-Pentamethylhexan	2,2,3,3,4,4-Hexamethylpentan
Ethyl			3-Ethylnonan 4-Ethylnonan 5-Ethylnonan		3,3-Diethylheptan 3,4-Diethylheptan 3,5-Diethylheptan 4,4-Diethylheptan
Ethyl und Methyl				3-Ethyl-2-methyloctan 3-Ethyl-3-methyloctan 3-Ethyl-4-methyloctan 3-Ethyl-5-methyloctan 3-Ethyl-6-methyloctan 4-Ethyl-2-methyloctan 4-Ethyl-3-methyloctan 4-Ethyl-4-methyloctan 4-Ethyl-5-methyloctan 5-Ethyl-2-methyloctan 5-Ethyl-3-methyloctan 6-Ethyl-2-methyloctan	3-Ethyl-2,2-dimethylheptan 3-Ethyl-2,3-dimethylheptan 3-Ethyl-2,4-dimethylheptan 3-Ethyl-2,5-dimethylheptan 3-Ethyl-2,6-dimethylheptan 3-Ethyl-3,4-dimethylheptan 3-Ethyl-3,5-dimethylheptan 3-Ethyl-4,4-dimethylheptan 3-Ethyl-4,5-dimethylheptan 4-Ethyl-2,2-dimethylheptan 4-Ethyl-2,3-dimethylheptan 4-Ethyl-2,4-dimethylheptan 4-Ethyl-2,5-dimethylheptan 4-Ethyl-2,6-dimethylheptan 4-Ethyl-3,3-dimethylheptan 4-Ethyl-3,4-dimethylheptan 4-Ethyl-3,5-dimethylheptan 5-Ethyl-2,2-dimethylheptan 5-Ethyl-2,3-dimethylheptan 5-Ethyl-2,4-dimethylheptan 5-Ethyl-2,5-dimethylheptan 5-Ethyl-3,3-dimethylheptan	3-Ethyl-2,2,3-trimethylhexan 3-Ethyl-2,2,4-trimethylhexan 3-Ethyl-2,2,5-trimethylhexan 3-Ethyl-2,3,4-trimethylhexan 3-Ethyl-2,3,5-trimethylhexan 3-Ethyl-2,4,4-trimethylhexan 3-Ethyl-2,4,5-trimethylhexan 3-Ethyl-3,4,4-trimethylhexan 4-Ethyl-2,2,3-trimethylhexan 4-Ethyl-2,2,4-trimethylhexan 4-Ethyl-2,2,5-trimethylhexan 4-Ethyl-2,3,3-trimethylhexan 4-Ethyl-2,3,4-trimethylhexan 3,3-Diethyl-2-methylhexan 3,3-Diethyl-4-methylhexan 3,4-Diethyl-2-methylhexan 3,4-Diethyl-3-methylhexan 4,4-Diethyl-2-methylhexan	3-Ethyl-2,2,3,4-tetramethylpentan 3-Ethyl-2,2,4,4-tetramethylpentan 3,3-Diethyl-2,2-dimethylpentan 3,3-Diethyl-2,4-dimethylpentan
Propyl				4-Propyloctan
1-Methylethyl (=Isopropyl)				4-(1-Methylethyl)octan
Methyl und 1-Methylethyl (=Isopropyl)					2-Methyl-3-(1-methylethyl)heptan 2-Methyl-4-(1-methylethyl)heptan 3-Methyl-4-(1-methylethyl)heptan 4-Methyl-4-(1-methylethyl)heptan	2,2-Dimethyl-3-(1-methylethyl)hexan 2,3-Dimethyl-3-(1-methylethyl)hexan 2,4-Dimethyl-3-(1-methylethyl)hexan 2,5-Dimethyl-3-(1-methylethyl)hexan	2,2,4-Trimethyl-3-(1-methylethyl)pentan 2,3,4-Trimethyl-3-(1-methylethyl)pentan
Methyl und Propyl					2-Methyl-4-propylheptan 3-Methyl-4-propylheptan 4-Methyl-4-propylheptan
Butyl					4-tert-Butylheptan

Verwendung

Die Isomere des Undecans finden in der Trennung von Alkylphenolen mittels Azeotroprektifikation Verwendung, bei der die Isomere als Schleppmittel benutzt werden.[3]

Einzelnachweise

Dieter Wolber: Chemie ist gar nicht so schwer...: Grundlagen. BoD – Books on Demand, 2014, S. 476 (eingeschränkte Vorschau in der Google-Buchsuche).
slywalaate: Constitutional Isomers of Alkanes. In: Scribd. Abgerufen am 26. August 2017 (englisch).
Patent US4349419: Process for separation of alkyl phenols by azeotropic distillation. Veröffentlicht am 14. September 1982, Erfinder: Kazunori Takahata, Katsuo Taniguchi, Tadaaki Fujimoto.

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[1] Dieter Wolber: Chemie ist gar nicht so schwer...: Grundlagen. BoD – Books on Demand, 2014, S. 476 (eingeschränkte Vorschau in der Google-Buchsuche).

[2] slywalaate: Constitutional Isomers of Alkanes. In: Scribd. Abgerufen am 26. August 2017 (englisch).

[3] Patent US4349419: Process for separation of alkyl phenols by azeotropic distillation. Veröffentlicht am 14. September 1982, Erfinder: Kazunori Takahata, Katsuo Taniguchi, Tadaaki Fujimoto.