Intelligent Speech Analyser

Intelligent Speech Analyser (ISA) i​st ein i​n Finnland entwickelter Sprach- u​nd Tonanalysator.

1980er Intelligent Speech Analyser™ (ISA) -System. Auf der linken Seite befindet sich ein Macintosh SE/30 mit einer Festplatte. Auf der rechten Seite befindet sich ein ISA-Signalcomputer mit einem universellen 16-Bit-Signalprozessor TMS32010 von Texas und einem separaten großen 16-Bit-Signalspeicher. Sony 16-Bit-2-Kanal-Wandler sind an den Signalcomputer angeschlossen. ISA misst Frequenzen mit Skalen: hertz, Bark, ERB, Mel, Koenig, Oktave, Halbton, Halbton/100 und Halbton/1000.[1][2][3]

Intelligent Speech Analyser™ (ISA)

Die erste Präsentation des Intelligent Speech Analyser (ISA)

Die e​rste Präsentation d​es von Raimo Olavi Toivonen entwickelten Intelligent Speech Analyser (ISA) f​and im Januar 1987 b​eim finnischen Phonetik-Treffen a​n der Universität Jyväskylä statt.[3] Die Entwicklungsarbeiten begannen 1985 u​nd wurden seitdem fortgesetzt.[1][2]

Artikel, deren einige Ergebnisse mit ISA erzielt wurden

In 100 akademischen Arbeiten, v​on denen 27 Dissertationen sind, w​urde die gesprochene Sprache m​it Hilfe d​er von Toivonen entwickelten ISA untersucht. Insgesamt g​ibt es f​ast 500 Publikationen. Mit ISA wurden 17 gesprochene Sprachen akademisch recherchiert u​nd Artikel m​it 15 Sprachen geschrieben. Diese 17 gesprochenen Sprachen s​ind Finnisch, Finnische Dialekte, Finno-ugrisch, Finnlandschwedisch, Schwedisch, Estnisch, Isländisch, Ungarisch, Polnisch, Tschechisch, Deutsch i​n verschiedenen europäischen Ländern, Russisch, Englisch i​n verschiedenen Ländern, Französisch, Griechisch i​n Athen, Kreta u​nd Zypern, Portugiesisch, Spanisch i​n Spanien, Südamerika u​nd Nordafrika.[1][2][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16]

Mit ISA wurden wissenschaftliche Publikationen i​n folgenden Bereichen veröffentlicht:

• Phonetik,[4][5][6][7][17][15][18][19][20][21][22][23]
• Messung von Formanten der menschlichen Stimme (F1, F2, F3 und F4),[17][15][4][5][6][7]
• Bark Scale Formant Charts der menschlichen Stimme,[17][15][4][5][6][7][8][24][25]
• Messung der Grundfrequenz der menschlichen Stimme (F0),[7][12][13][26][27][18][28][4]
• Segmentierung der menschlichen Stimme,[29][30][31][32][33]
• Computer Voice Field (CVF) der menschlichen Stimme,[12][13][34][35][36][37][38][39][40]
• FFT-Spektrum der menschlichen Stimme,[15][17][18][28][4]
• FFT-Spektrogramm der menschlichen Stimme,[15][17][4]
• FFT-Spektrumserie der menschlichen Stimme,[15][17]
• LPC-Spektrum der menschlichen Stimme,[15][17][18][4]
• LPC-Spektrogramm der menschlichen Stimme,[15][17]
• LPC-Spektrumserie der menschlichen Stimme,[15][17][4]
• Cepstrum der menschlichen Stimme,[15][17]
• Cepstrumserie der menschlichen Stimme,[15][17]
• Auditory spektrum der menschlichen Stimme,[18]
• Auditory spektrogramm der menschlichen Stimme,[18]
• Auditory spektrumserie der menschlichen Stimme,[18]
• Phonetogramm der menschlichen Stimme,[28]
• Jitter, Schimmer, S/N-Verhältnis der menschlichen Stimme,[41][42][43]
• F0-Verteilung der menschlichen Stimme auf der Halbton Skala,[41][42][28]
• Sprachanalyse auf einer Lautheitsskala (in Sone Skala) der menschlichen Stimme,[30][31][32]
• Schalldruckpegel (SPL, Sound pressure level) der menschlichen Stimme,[44][45][46][28][9][10]
• Langfristiges Durchschnittsspektrum (Long-Term Average Spectrum) der menschlichen Stimme,[44][45][46][28][9][10]
• Alpha ratio of Long-Term Average Spectrum der menschlichen Stimme,[44][45][46][28][9][10]
• L0, L1, L2, L3 L4, L1-L0 of Long-Term Average Spectrum der menschlichen Stimme,[44][45][46][28][9][10]
• Leq, Äquivalenter Dauerschallpegel (Leq, Equivalent continuous sound level) der menschlichen Stimme,[44][45][46][28]
• Spektrale Eigenschaften einer guten menschlichen Stimme,[28][44][45][46][47][48][9][10]
• Die Stimme des Lehrers,[41][42][49][50][51][52][53][54][55][56][57][58][59]
• Radio Speech,[16][60]
• Prosodie der menschlichen Stimme,[29][30][31][32]
• Emotionen in der Stimme,[61][62][63]
• Sprechererkennung,[64][65][66]
• Sprachsynthese mit Synte 2 text-to-speech synthesizer, SPL1 Forschung Sprachsynthesizer und ISA,[33][21]
• Gehirnforschung mit Synte 2 text-to-speech synthesizer, SPL1 Forschung Sprachsynthesizer und ISA,[67][68][69][70][71][72]
• Phonologie,[8][73][24][74]
• Psychoakustik,[17][15][18]
• Sprachtherapie,[28]
• Vocology,[75][61][76]
• Phoniatrie,[12][13][34][35][36][37][38][39][40][77]
• Audiologie,[78][79]
• Musikinstrumentenforschung.[14][80][81][82]

Weblinks

• Akademische Publikationen mit dem Intelligent Speech Analyser.

Einzelnachweise

1. Google Scholar: developed by Raimo Toivonen. (52 results).
2. Google Scholar: Intelligent Speech Analyser. (95 results).
3. Toivonen, Raimo: The first presentation of the Intelligent Speech Analyser™ (ISA) took place in the Meeting of Finnish Phoneticians in University of Jyväskylä 16.–17.1.1987.
4. Kuronen, Mikko: Vokaluttalets akustik i sverigesvenska, finlanssvenska och finska. (The acoustics of the vowel pronunciation in Swedish-Swedish, Finnish-Swedish and Finnish). University of Jyväskylä, 2000, Dissertation, contains 181 ISA analysis pictures. OCLC 477065490. Mikko Kuronen, currently university lecturer at the University of Jyväskylä.
5. Kuronen, Mikko: Vokaluttalets akustik i sverigesvenska, finlanssvenska och finska (The acoustics of the vowel pronunciation in Swedish-Swedish, Finnish-Swedish and Finnish). Licentiate work. University of Tampere, Department of Philology II, 162 pages, March 1997. Contains 88 ISA analysis pictures.
6. Kuronen, Mikko: Vokaluttalet i sverigesvenska och finlanssvenska (The vowel pronunciation in Swedish and Finnish Swedish). Department of Phonetics, University of Helsinki, 37 pages, December 1995. Contains many ISA analysis pictures.
7. Kuronen, Mikko: Om morfologiskt komplexa ords prosodi i rikssvenska och finlands-svenska, en kontrastiv studie (On the prosody of morphologically complex words in Swedish and Finnish-Swedish, a contrastive study). Pro gradu – avhandling i nordisk filologi vid Tammerfors universitet, 100 pages, Oktober 1993. Contains many ISA analysis pictures.
8. Riad, Tomas: The Phonology of Swedish. The Phonology of the World's Languages, Oxford University Press, January 2014, 356 pages. Textbook. Contains Bark scale formant chart pictures of the Intelligent Speech Analyser™ (ISA) on pages 19, 20, 22, 40, 41. OCLC 940606268. Tomas Riad, professor of Nordic languages at the University of Stockholm, member of the Swedish Academy since 2011 (chair nr. 6).
9. Master, Suely: Análise acústica e perceptivo-auditiva da voz de atores e não atores masculinos: long term average spectrum e o "formante do ator". (Acoustic and Perceptual Analyses of Brazilian Male Actors' and Nonactors' Voices: Long-term Average Spectrum and the “Actor's Formant”). Dissertação 2005. Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo. Suely Master, currently professor at the State University of São Paulo. Suely Master's LTAS articles.
10. Master, Suely; De Biase, Noemi Grigoletto; Chiari, Brasília Maria; Laukkanen, Anne-Maria: Acoustic and Perceptual Analyses of Brazilian Male Actors' and Nonactors' Voices: Long-term Average Spectrum and the “Actor's Formant”. Journal of Voice 2008;22:2:146–154. doi:10.1016/j.jvoice.2006.09.006
11. Pereira, Patricia Moraes: Análise comparativada voz em jovens mulheres antes e depois da prova de fala contínua. (A comparative analysis of the voices of young women before and after the continuous speech test). Dissertação 2015. Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade Federal de São Paulo. doi:10.11606/D.17.2017.tde-20072016-143744
12. Vilkman, Erkki: Studies on human voice production : anatomical, biomechanical, physiological and psychophysiological studies with special reference to fundamental frequency, Acta Universitatis Tamperensis ser A vol 232. 1987. Dissertation. OCLC 310764310. This work use the fundamental frequency analysis of human voice and the computer field of human voice developed by Toivonen since 1983. These DSP methods, developed by Toivonen are still used in the Intelligent Speech Analyser™ (ISA) since 1986. Erkki Vilkman, currently professor emeritus in phoniatrics. Vilkman's Best Poster Award 2018–.
13. Vilkman, Erkki: An Apparatus for Studying the Role of the Cricothyroid Articulation in the Voice Production of Excised Human Larynges. Folia Phoniatrica et Logopaedica, 1987;39(4):169–77. doi:10.1159/000265856.
14. Kastinen, Arja: Erään 15-kielisen kanteleen akustisesta tutkimuksesta. (An acoustical investigation of the specific 15-string kantele). Sibelius-Akatemian kansanmusiikin osaston julkaisuja 5 (Publications of the Sibelius Academy's Department of Folk Music 5). 2000. Dissertation. OCLC 57219457. The work was supervised by Rauno Esa Nieminen, Doctor of Music. Intelligent Speech Analyser™ (ISA) developed by Toivonen was used in acoustical investigations of the specific 15-string kantele. Arja Kastinen.
15. Iivonen, Antti; Toivonen, Raimo: Computer in der psychoakustischen analyse und representation der vokale und vokalsysteme. Computergestützte Sprachverarbeitung für Phonetik und Diagnostik, June 12–14 1989. (Gall, V., Hollmach, U. Hrsg.), Martin-Luther Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Wissenschaftliche Beiträge 1990/36 (F98), s. 34–37. OCLC 924598345.
16. Vihanta, Veijo V.: Signalisation prosodique de la structure informationelle dans le discours radiophonique en finnois et en francais (Prosodic signaling of the information structure in radio speech in Finnish and French). Proceedings of the 12th International Congress of Phonetic Sciences, Aix-en-Provence, 1991;2:422–425.
17. Iivonen, Antti; Toivonen, Raimo: Simulation of the psycho-acoustical vowel space for linguistic applications. Eurospeech 1989, First European Conference on Speech Communication and Technology, 1989;2:2289–2292. Antti Iivonen, currently professor emeritus in phonetics at the University of Helsinki.
18. Suomi, Kari: Johdatusta puheen akustiikkaan (Introduction to Speech Acoustics). Textbook. University of Oulu, 1990. OCLC 492194175. Kari Suomi, currently professor emeritus in phonetics at the University of Oulu.
19. Toivanen, Juhani: Perspectives on Intonation: English, Finnish and English Spoken by Finns. Volumes 1 and 2. Oulu University Press. 1999. Frankfurt am Main : Lang, 2001. Dissertation. OCLC 231875648. Juhani Toivanen, currently lecturer in languages at Diakonia University of Applied Sciences.
20. Toivanen, Juhani: Perspectives of Intonation and Paralanguage: English, Finnish and Finnish-English Interlanguage. English Department, University of Oulu. 1995. Licentiate work.
21. Leinonen, Kari: Finlandssvenskt sje-, tje- och s-ljud i kontrastiv belysning. Jyväskylä Studies In Humanitas 17, University of Jyväskylä. 2004. Dissertation. OCLC 76845272. Kai Leinonen, was lecturer at the University of Tampere.
22. Estill, Dennis: The effect of sentence stress on word-stress in Erzy-Mordvin, Finno-Ugric Department, University of Helsinki, 1997. Licentiate work.
23. Service, Elisabeth: Phonological Coding in Working Memory and Foreign-Language Learning. General Psychology Monographs No. B 9, 1989. General Psychology, University of Helsinki. 1989. Dissertation. OCLC 476449059.
24. Löfstedt, Ingvar P. M.: Phonetic Effects in Swedish Phonology – Allomorphy and Paradigms. University of California (UCLA), Los Angeles. 2010. Dissertation. OCLC 709790819.
25. Pelzer, Joppe Anna: Swedish Diphthongs – A study on the occurrence of diphthongisation in three varieties of Swedish. General Linguistics, University of Amsterdam, 2017. MA work. Supervised by Praat program developer, Professor Paul Boersma
26. Laine, Unto K.: Studies on modelling of vocal tract acoustics with applications to speech synthesis. Acoustic laboratory, Helsinki University of Technology 1989. Dissertation. OCLC 256226439. Unto Laine, currently professor emeritus at Aalto University.
27. Laine, Unto K.; Vilkman, Erkki: Acoustic-mechanical feedback in vocal source-tract interaction. Proceedings of the XIth International Congress of Phonetic Sciences, August 1–7, Tallinn, Estonia, 1987;5:19–22.
28. Laukkanen, Anne-Maria; Leino, Timo: Ihmeellinen ihmisääni: äänenkäytön ja puhetekniikan perusteet, arviointi, mittaaminen ja kehittäminen (The Wonderful Human Voice: Fundamentals of Sound Use and Speech Technique, Evaluation, Measurement and Development). Textbook. Helsinki:Gaudeamus, 1999. OCLC 462783918. Anne-Maria Laukkanen, currently professor in vocology at the University of Tampere. Timo Leino was lecturer at the University of Tampere.
29. Lehessaari, Anna-Liisa: Alkoholin vaikutus puheen prosodiikkaan (The Effects of Alcohol in Speech Prosody). University of Helsinki. 1996. Dissertation. OCLC 258287666. The first dissertation in phonetics at the University of Helsinki.
30. Lehessaari, Anna-Liisa; Toivonen, Raimo: Panorama – Prospect – Profile: On the Computer-Aided Description of Prosodic Quality of Speech. Proceedings of the Finnic Phonetics Symposium, August 11–14 1998. Pärnu. Linguistica Uralica, 34:3:325–328. OCLC 248338056.
31. Lehessaari, Anna-Liisa; Toivonen, Raimo: Kuulonmalli: uuden vuosituhannen puheentutkimusta. (Hörmodell: Sprachforschung im neuen Jahrtausend). Linguistik Tage in Jyväskylä 17–19.5.2001
32. Lehessaari, Anna-Liisa; Toivonen, Raimo: Kuulonmalli: uuden vuosituhannen puheentutkimusta. (Hörmodell: Sprachforschung im neuen Jahrtausend). Vocology, Speech Communication and other Speech Research. A celebration book for Timo Leino. The Department of Speech Communication and Voice Research, University of Tampere. s. 77–83. 2001.
33. Sovijärvi, Antti; Aulanko, Reijo: Synthesis of Certain Speech Sounds and Sentence Intonation of Hungarian, Finnish, and Finland-Swedish. Societes Scientiarum Fennica, The finnish Society of Sciences and Letters, Commentations humanarum Litterarum, Vol. 101. 1994. OCLC 468825518. Antti Sovijärvi, was professor at the University of Helsinki. Reijo Aulanko, was lecturer at the University of Helsinki.
34. Pruszewicz, Antoni; Sonninen, Aatto; Toivonen, Raimo; Hurme, Pertti: Komputerowe pole głosowe dla mowy w warunkach fizjologicznych i w niektorych stanach patologicznych (Computer-assisted examination of the vocal field during speech in physiological and various pathological conditions). Otolaryngol Pol, 1988;42:3:193–200. Antoni Pruszewicz, currently professor emeritus in phoniatrics at the University of Poznań. Aatto Sonninen, professor honoris causa of phoniatirics.
35. Sonninen, Aatto; Hurme, Pertti; Toivonen, Raimo: Computer Voice Fields in the Study of Normal Phonation. Acta phoniatrica Latina, 10 (3):345–356, 1988.
36. Sonninen, Aatto; Hurme, Pertti; Pruszewicz, Antoni; Toivonen, Raimo: Computer Voice Field Descriptions of Speech Audiometry Word Lists In: Liber Amicorum: professor P. H. Damsté. On the Occasion of his Retirement by his Friends and Colleagues (L. van Gelder. C. Waar, H. van Wijngaarden, eds.), Utcecht 1987;45–48. P. H. Damsté was Professor of Phoniatrics at the University of Utrecht.
37. Sonninen, Aatto; Vilkman, Erkki; Hurme, Pertti; Toivonen, Raimo: Computer Voice Fields in Basic Phonation Research: Rotation vs. Gliding in Cricothyroid Articulation. In Scandinavian Journal of Logopedics and Phoniatrics, 12(1):20–28, 1987.
38. Jaroma, Marjatta; Sonninen, Aatto; Hurme, Pertti; Toivonen, Raimo: Computer Voice Field Observations of Menopausal Dysphonia. Paper presented at the 13th Congress of the European Union of Phoniatricians. Vienna 1986;34–35.
39. Sonninen, Aatto; Hurme, Pertti; Toivonen, Raimo; Vilkman, Erkki: Computer Voice Fields of Connected Speech, Symposium on Voice Disorders, Sweden, August 23, 1985.
40. Sonninen, Aatto; Hurme, Pertti; Toivonen, Raimo; Vilkman, Erkki: Computer Voice Fields of Connected Speech, Papers in Speech Research, University of Jyväskylä, 6, 1985;93–111. Pertti Hurme, currently professor emeritus at the University of Jyväskylä.
41. Rantala, Leena: Naisopettajien äänenkäyttö ja äänen kuormittuminen. (Female teachers’ voice use and voice workload). Acta Universitatis Ouluensis, B Humaniora 37, University of Oulu, 2000. Dissertation. OCLC 58318328. The first Finnish dissertation on teachers' voice workload. Leena Rantala, currently university lecturer at the University of Tampere.
42. Rantala, Leena: Naisopettajien äänen kuormittuminen työssä. (The voice load of female teachers at work). Puhe ja Kieli 2001;21:2:73–84.
43. Sellman, Jaana: Äänen korkeuden ja voimakkuuden vaikutus normaalin ja patologisen naisäänen jitteriin ja shimmeriin (Effect of pitch and volume on the jitter and shimmer of normal and pathological female voice). Master's thesis. Department of Phonetics, University of Helsinki. 1997.
44. Leino, Timo: Long-Term Average Spectrum in Screening of Voice Quality in Speech: Untrained Male University Students. Journal of Voice, 2009;23:6:671–676. doi:10.1016/j.jvoice.2008.03.008.
45. Leino, Timo; Laukkanen, Anne-Maria; Radolf, Vojtěch: Formation of the Actor's/Speaker's Formant: A Study Applying Spectrum Analysis and Computer Modeling. Journal of Voice, 2011;25:2:150–158. doi:10.1016/j.jvoice.2009.10.002.
46. Leino, Timo; Laukkanen, Anne-Maria; Ilomäki, Irma; Mäki, Elinita: Assessment of Vocal Capacity of Finnish University Students. Folia Phoniatrica et Logopaedica, 2008;60:199–209. doi:10.1159/000133651.
47. Syrjä, Tiina: Vieras kieli suussa. Vieraalla kielellä näyttelemisen ulottuvuuksia näyttelijäopiskelijan äänessä, puheessa ja kehossa. University of Tampere. 2007. Dissertation. OCLC 231172332. Tiina Syrjä, currently university lecturer at the University of Tampere.
48. Lamarche Anick M-J: Putting the Singing Voice on the Map. Towards Improving the Quantitative Evaluation of Voice Status in Professional Female Singers. University of Stockholm. 2009. Dissertation. OCLC 351296368.
49. Rantala, Leena; Vilkman, Erkki: Relationship between subjective voice complaints and acoustic parameters in teachers' voice. Journal of Voice, 1999;13:484–495. doi:10.1016/S0892-1997(99)80004-6.
50. Jónsdóttir, Valdís Ingibjorg: The Voice An Occupational Tool. Study of Theacher's Classroom Speech and the Effects of Amplification. Acta Universitatis Tamperensis 969, University of Tampere, 2003. Dissertation. OCLC 938971815. Valdís Ingibjorg Jónsdóttir.
51. Jónsdóttir, Valdís; Laukkanen, Anne-Maria; Ilomäki, Irma; Roininen, Heidi; Alastalo-Borenius, Merja; Vilkman, Erkki: Effects of Amplified Auditory Feedback on Vocal Characteristics. Logopedics Phoniatrics Vocology 2001;26:2:76–81. OCLC 440843630.
52. Jónsdóttir, Valdís; Laukkanen, Anne-Maria; Siikki, Ilona: Changes in Teachers' Voice Quality during a Working Day with and without Electric Sound Amplification. Folia Phoniatrica et Logopaedica 2003;55:5:267–280. OCLC 361557487.
53. Ilomäki, Irma: Opettajien ääneen liittyvä työhyvinvointi ja äänikoulutuksen vaikutukset (Teachers' voice-related well-being at work and the effects of voice training). Acta Universitatis Tamperensis 1373. University of Tampere, 2008. Dissertation. OCLC 424172054. Irma Ilomäki.
54. Vilkman, Erkki: Occupational safety and health aspects of voice and speech professions. Folia Phoniatrica et Logopaedica 2004;56:220–253. doi:10.1159/000078344.
55. Laukkanen, Anne-Maria; Ilomäki, Irma; Leppänen, Kirsti; Vilkman, Erkki: Acoustic measures and self-reports of vocal fatigue by female teachers. Journal of Voice, 2008;22:3:283–289. doi:10.1016/j.jvoice.2006.10.001.
56. Kankare, Elina: Elektroglottografia (EGG) äänen laadun tutkimuksessa funktionaalisesti terveäänisillä puhujilla. Vertaileva tutkimus EGGn sekä akustisen, perkeptuaalisen ja laryngoskopiatutkimuksen välillä lastentarhanopettajilla. Acta Universitatis Tamperensis 1937. University of Tampere, 2014. Dissertation. OCLC 883606696.
57. Leppänen, Kirsti: Naisen ääni manuaalisen käsittelyn ja äänenkäyttöön liittyvän luennon vaikutukset opettajien äänihyvinvointiin. University of Tampere. 2012. Dissertation. OCLC 839441286.
58. Vintturi, Juha: Studies on voice production with special emphasis on vocal loading gender, some exposure factors and intensity regulation. University of Helsinki. 2001. Dissertation. OCLC 58364957.
59. Bele, Irene; Laukkanen, Anne-Maria; Sipilä, Laura: Effects of a three-week vocal exercise program using the Finnish Kuukka exercises on the speaking voice of Norwegian broadcast journalism students. Logopedics Phoniatrics Vocology. 2010;35(4):150–165. doi:10.3109/14015430903578779. Irene Bele, currently professor at the Volda University College, Norway.
60. Valo, Maarit: Radiopuhe: kuuntelijoiden arviointia radiopuhujista ja heidän äänestään (Radio Speech: Listeners' evaluation of speakers on the radio and their voice.). University of Jyväskylä. 1988. Licentiate work. Maarit Valo, currently professor emerita at the University of Jyväskylä.
61. Laukkanen, Anne-Maria: Emotionaaliseen painotukseen liittyvistä akustisista ja aerodynaamisista muuttujista, käänteissuodatusmenetelmää soveltava tutkimus (Study of acoustic and aerodynamic variables related to emotional weighting, applying the reverse filtering method). Department of Phonetics, University of Helsinki. 1992. Licentiate work.
62. Waaramaa-Mäki-Kulmala, Teija: Emotions in voice. Acoustic and perceptual analysis of voice quality in the vocal expression of emotions. Acta Universitatis Tamperensis 1399. University of Tampere, 2009. Dissertation. OCLC 751506485. Teija Waaramaa-Mäki-Kulmala.
63. Waaramaa, Teija; Laukkanen, Anne-Maria; Airas, Matti; Alku, Paavo: Perception of Emotional Valences and Activity Levels from Vowel Segments of Continuous Speech. Journal of Voice, 2010;24:1:30–38. OCLC 501358119. Paavo Alku, currently professor in voice communication technology at Aalto University.
64. Niemi, Tuija: Puhujantunnistus foneettisena ongelmana (Speaker Recognition as a Phonetic Problem). Master's thesis. Department of Phonetics, University of Helsinki. 1994.
65. Niemi, Tuija: Puhujantunnistus foneettisena ongelmana (Speaker recognition as a phonetic problem). Publications of the 18th Meeting of Finnish Phoneticians – Tampere 1994. (Michael L. O'Dell, ed.), Folia Fennistica, Linguistica, Department of Finnish language and General Linguistics, University of Tampere, 1995;18:101–116.
66. Niemi, Tuija: Segmental durations – A speaker-related charasteristic? Studies in Logopedics and Phonetics 5. Publications of the Department of Phonetics, University of Helsinki, Series B: Phonetics, Logopedics and Speech Communication 1996;6:107–124.
67. Kaukoranta, Elina; Hari, Riitta; Lounasmaa, Olli: Responses of the human auditory cortex to vowel onset after fricative consonants. Experimental Brain Research. 1987;69:1:19–23. Springer-Verlag. Low Temperature Laboratory, Helsinki University of Technology. doi:10.1007/BF00247025.
68. Aulanko, Reijo; Sams, Mikko; Reinikainen, Kalevi; Näätänen, Risto: Influence of the second formant transition on the event-related potentials (ERP) elicited by synthetic CV-syllables. Meeting of Finnish Phoneticians – Espoo 1988, Papers from the 15th Meeting of Finnish Phoneticians, (Karjalainen Matti, Laine Unto, eds.). Publications of the TKK Acoustics Laboratory 31, pp. 167–185.
69. Aulanko, Reijo: Puheen havaitsemisen psykofysiologisesta perustasta: formanttitransitioiden havaitseminen. (The psychophysiological basis of speech perception: the detection of formant transitions) Department of Phonetics, University of Helsinki. 1989. Licentiate work.
70. Hari, Riitta; Hämäläinen, Matti; Kaukoranta, Elina; Mäkelä, Jyrki; Joutsiniemi, Sirkka-Liisa; Tiihonen, Jari: Selective listening modifies activity of the human auditory cortex. Experimental Brain Research. February 1989;74:3:463–470. Springer-Verlag. Low Temperature Laboratory, Helsinki University of Technology. doi:10.1007/BF00247348. Matti Hämäläinen, currently Professor at the Harvard Medical School and Visiting Professor at Aalto University. Jari Tiihonen, currently Professor at the University of Eastern Finland in Kuopio and at the Karolinska Institute in Stockholm. Jyrki Mäkelä, currently Head of BioMag Laboratory of Helsinki University Central Hospital.
71. Sams, Mikko; Aulanko, Reijo; Aaltonen, Olli; Näätänen, Risto: Event-related potentials to infrequent changes in synthesized phonetic stimuli. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 1990;2:4:344–357. doi:10.1162/jocn.1990.2.4.344. Olli Aaltonen, currently professor emeritus in phonetics at Aalto University.
72. Aulanko, Reijo; Hari, Riitta; Lounasmaa, Olli; Näätänen, Risto; Sams, Mikko: Phonetic invariance in the human auditory cortex. Cognitive Neuroscience and Neuropsychology. Neuroreport, 1993;4:12:1356–1358. Low Temperature Laboratory, Helsinki University of Technology. doi:10.1097/00001756-199309150-00018. Academician Riitta Hari, currently professor emerita at Aalto University. Academician Olli Lounasmaa, currently professor emeritus at Helsinki University of Technology. Risto Näätänen, currently member of several academies of science. Mikko Sams, currently professor at Aalto University.
73. Granqvist, Kimmo K.: Notes on Eastern Cretan Phonology a Corpus-based Study. Acta Universitatis Stockholmiensis, Studia Graeca Stockholmiensia VIII. 1997. Dissertation. OCLC 185989051. Mikko Granqvist, currently professor at Södertörn University.
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