Simple Past

Das Simple Past ist eine Zeitform der Verben in der englischen Sprache.

Die deutsche Entsprechung des Simple Past ist das Präteritum und in einem Vergleich mit einigen romanischen Sprachen entspricht es dem spanischen Pretérito perfecto oder Pretérito perfecto compuesto dem französischen Passé composé und dem italienischen Passato remoto.

Bildung

Bei allen Personen wird einfach der Wortstamm verwendet und die Endung „-ed“ angehängt. Wenn ein ′e′ vorhanden ist, wird nur ′d′ angehängt. Verben, die auf ′y′ enden, erhalten die Endung „i+ed“:

1. Person Singular: I listened.
2. Person Singular: You listened.
3. Person Singular: He/She/It listened.
1. Person Plural: We listened.
2. Person Plural: You listened.
3. Person Plural: They listened.

Es gibt auch unregelmäßige Verben, wie zum Beispiel „to speak“:

1. Person Singular: I spoke.
2. Person Singular: You spoke.
3. Person Singular: He/She/It spoke.
1. Person Plural: We spoke.
2. Person Plural: You spoke.
3. Person Plural: They spoke.

Die Verneinung wird mit „did not“ (oder kurz „didn't“) gebildet.

1. Person Singular: I did not speak.
2. Person Singular: You did not speak.
3. Person Singular: He/She/It did not speak.
1. Person Plural: We did not speak.
2. Person Plural: You did not speak.
3. Person Plural: They did not speak.

Frage

Bei der Frageform wird ein „did“ vorangestellt. Speak wird danach nicht ins Simple Past gesetzt, sondern steht im Infinitiv.

1. Person Singular: Did I speak?
2. Person Singular: Did you speak?
3. Person Singular: Did he/she/it speak?
1. Person Plural: Did we speak?
2. Person Plural: Did you speak?
3. Person Plural: Did they speak?

Merke: Das Simple Past ist die erste Vergangenheit. Es drückt aus, wann etwas geschehen ist.

Verwendung

Das Simple Past wird verwendet bei:

Handlungen in der Vergangenheit, die bereits abgeschlossen sind
aufeinander folgenden Handlungen in der Vergangenheit
eintretenden Handlungen, die im Ablauf befindliche Handlungen unterbrechen
einer Handlung in der Vergangenheit, z. B. von der man weiß, wann sie passiert ist

Außerdem wird es für den If-Satz Typ II, vgl. Bedingungssatz im Deutschen, benötigt.

Folgende Wörter sind Signalwörter für das Simple Past:

yesterday
two months ago
in 2003
Saturday
first
then
last week
when

Unregelmäßige Formen (Auswahl)

to be → was/were
to become → became
to begin → began
to bite → bit
to blow → blew
to break → broke
to bring → brought
to build → built
to burn → burned/burnt
to buy → bought
to catch → caught
to choose → chose
to come → came
to cost → cost
to cut → cut
to dig → dug
to do → did
to draw → drew

to drink → drank
to drive → drove
to eat → ate
to feel → felt
to fall → fell
to feed → fed
to fight → fought
to find → found
to fly → flew
to forbid → forebade
to forget → forgot
to get → got
to give → gave
to go → went
to grow → grew
to hang → hung
to have → had
to hear → heard
to hide → hid
to hit → hit
to hold → held
to hurt → hurt
to keep → kept
to know → knew
to lay → laid
to learn → learned/learnt
to leave → left
to lend → lent
to let → let
to lie → lay
to light → lit
to lose → lost
to make → made
to mean → meant
to meet → met
to overtake → overtook
to pay → paid
to put → put
to read → read
to ride → rode
to ring → rang
to run → ran
to say → said
to see → saw
to sell → sold
to send → sent
to set → set
to shine → shone
to shoot → shot
to show → showed (die Partizipform shown ist unregelmäßig)
to shut → shut
to sing → sang
to sink → sank
to sit → sat
to sleep → slept
to smell → smelled/smelt
to speak → spoke
to spend → spent
to spill → spilt/spilled
to split → split
to spread → spread
to steal → stole
to stick → stuck
to strike → struck
to swim → swam
to swing → swung
to take → took
to teach → taught
to tell → told
to think → thought
to throw → threw
to understand → understood
to wake → woke
to wear → wore
to win → won

to write → wrote

Siehe auch

Past Tense-Debatte

Quellen

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