Catalansche Vermutung
Die catalansche Vermutung ist ein Satz aus dem mathematischen Teilgebiet der Zahlentheorie. Sie geht von der Beobachtung aus, dass man außer den Potenzen und keine weiteren ganzzahligen Potenzen kennt, die sich um genau 1 unterscheiden. Eugène Charles Catalan stellte 1844 die nach ihm benannte catalansche Vermutung auf, wonach es keine weiteren echten Potenzen mit dieser Eigenschaft gibt:
- Die einzige ganzzahlige Lösung der Gleichung mit lautet , , und .
Erst nach über 150 Jahren wurde diese Vermutung 2002 von Preda Mihăilescu an der Universität Paderborn bewiesen.
Geschichte
Schon vor Catalan beschäftigte man sich mit verwandten Problemen. Um 1320 bewies Levi ben Gershon:
- Wenn Potenzen von 2 und 3 sich um 1 unterscheiden, dann sind 8 und 9 die einzigen Lösungen.
Leonhard Euler (1707–1783) zeigte, dass es für nur die Lösung und gibt.
Catalans Vermutung verallgemeinert Eulers Gleichung auf allgemeine Potenzen. Seine Vermutung wurde 1844 im Journal für die reine und angewandte Mathematik als Leserbrief veröffentlicht.[1]
Später fand man einige interessante Teilergebnisse für den Fall, dass Catalans Behauptung nicht zutrifft, d. h., dass es weitere nichttriviale Lösungen der Gleichung gibt.
So zeigte 1976 Robert Tijdeman, dass höchstens endlich viele Zahlen die Gleichung erfüllen.
1998 zeigte Ray Steiner folgende Eigenschaft für eine mögliche Lösung: Entweder und erfüllen gewisse Teilbarkeitsbedingungen (class number condition) oder und sind doppelte Wieferich-Primzahlen, d. h., sie genügen der Bedingung
- und
Maurice Mignotte gab im Jahr 2000 eine obere Grenze für Lösungen und an: .
Im April 2002 gelang dem damals an der Universität Paderborn beschäftigten Preda Mihăilescu schließlich der Beweis der catalanschen Vermutung, womit diese den Status eines mathematischen Satzes erhielt.
Verallgemeinerung
Man kann die mittlerweile bewiesene catalansche Vermutung erweitern, indem man die Gleichung
- mit natürlichen
betrachtet. Es wird vermutet, dass auch diese Gleichung für alle nur endlich viele Lösungen hat, dass es also für jede natürliche Zahl nur endlich viele Paare von ganzzahligen Potenzen gibt, deren Differenz ist.
Für sieht die Anzahl der Lösungen so aus:
00 | 01 | 02 | 03 | 04 | 05 | 06 | 07 | 08 | 09 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | 31 | 32 | 33 | 34 | 35 | 36 | 37 | 38 | 39 | 40 | 41 | 42 | 43 | 44 | 45 | 46 | 47 | 48 | 49 | 50 | 51 | 52 | 53 | 54 | 55 | 56 | 57 | 58 | 59 | 60 | 61 | 62 | 63 | 64 | 65 | 66 | 67 | 68 | 69 | 70 | 71 | 72 | 73 | 74 | 75 | 76 | 77 | 78 | 79 | 80 | 81 | 82 | 83 | 84 | 85 | 86 | 87 | 88 | 89 | 90 | 91 | 92 | 93 | 94 | 95 | 96 | 97 | 98 | 99 | |||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
0 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 2 | . | 5 | 3 | 4 | 1 | 4 | 2 | 3 | . | 3 | 3 | 7 | 3 | 5 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 4 | 5 | 2 | 3 | 3 | 7 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 4 | 2 | . | 3 | 2 | 3 | 1 | 4 | 4 | 3 | . | 1 | 3 | 4 | 1 | 6 | 4 | 3 | . | 2 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 3 | . | 1 | 4 | 2 | . | 4 | 4 | 4 | . | 2 | 5 | 2 | . | 4 | 4 | 6 | 2 | 3 | 3 | 2 | . | 4 | 4 | 4 | . | 2 | 2 | 2 | . | 3 | 3 | 6 | . | 3 | 4 | 4 | 2 | 4 | 5 | 3 | 2 | 4 | |||||||||||
100 | 10 | 3 | . | 2 | 4 | 4 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 3 | . | 2 | 8 | 6 | . | 3 | 5 | 6 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 3 | 1 | 2 | 4 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 6 | 2 | . | 2 | 2 | 2 | . | 7 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 2 | 4 | 1 | 4 | 5 | 5 | 1 | 5 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 5 | 3 | 1 | 3 | 3 | 2 | . | 3 | 4 | 6 | 2 | 2 | 4 | 4 | 1 | 2 | 5 | 5 | 1 | 4 | 3 | 1 | 3 | 4 | 3 | 2 | . | 2 | 5 | 1 | . | 2 | 5 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 5 | 1 | 4 | 6 | 3 | 1 | 4 | 3 | 2 | 3 | 4 | ||||||||||
200 | 5 | 2 | . | 2 | 3 | 2 | . | 12 | 5 | 3 | . | 2 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 5 | 7 | 6 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 6 | 13 | . | 2 | 2 | 2 | . | 4 | 2 | 5 | 1 | 4 | 3 | 2 | . | 4 | 6 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 4 | 3 | . | 2 | 4 | 3 | 2 | 3 | 6 | 2 | . | 4 | 6 | 2 | . | 2 | 3 | 4 | 2 | 1 | 4 | 2 | . | 2 | 2 | 3 | 1 | 4 | 6 | 4 | . | 5 | 2 | 3 | . | 4 | 4 | 4 | 1 | 1 | 4 | 4 | 2 | 3 | 6 | 3 | . | 2 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 4 | 10 | 1 | 3 | ||||||||||
300 | 3 | 3 | . | 3 | 3 | 2 | . | 5 | 3 | 2 | . | 2 | 4 | 4 | . | 6 | 9 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 6 | 2 | . | 2 | 4 | 3 | . | 3 | 2 | 4 | . | 2 | 1 | 6 | 2 | 3 | 6 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 1 | 7 | 2 | 4 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 1 | 2 | 4 | 4 | 5 | 1 | 3 | 5 | 4 | . | 4 | 8 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 11 | 4 | 1 | 3 | 2 | 2 | . | 5 | 2 | 5 | . | 1 | 4 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 7 | 4 | 1 | 4 | 6 | 2 | . | 4 | 5 | 2 | . | 2 | 4 | 2 | . | 4 | ||||||||||
400 | 4 | 2 | . | 2 | 3 | 6 | 1 | 2 | 4 | 4 | . | 2 | 3 | 2 | 3 | 3 | 6 | 2 | . | 1 | 4 | 2 | . | 6 | 5 | 4 | . | 3 | 1 | 4 | . | 9 | 7 | 7 | . | 4 | 1 | 2 | . | 2 | 6 | 6 | . | 2 | 3 | 2 | . | 3 | 10 | 3 | . | 3 | 3 | 2 | . | 5 | 4 | 3 | . | 8 | 3 | 1 | . | 2 | 5 | 4 | . | 1 | 3 | 4 | . | 4 | 2 | 2 | . | 4 | 5 | 4 | . | 1 | 9 | 4 | . | 4 | 1 | 4 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 3 | 2 | . | 7 | 7 | 4 | 1 | 2 | ||||||||||
500 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 9 | 7 | 5 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 1 | . | 4 | 6 | 6 | . | 3 | 8 | 3 | 1 | 3 | 4 | 5 | . | 1 | 3 | 6 | . | 3 | 7 | 1 | . | 4 | 2 | 2 | . | 5 | 2 | 4 | . | 3 | 5 | 2 | . | 2 | 6 | 3 | 1 | 3 | 5 | 4 | 1 | 4 | 4 | 4 | . | 4 | 2 | 4 | . | 3 | 6 | 4 | . | 2 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 5 | 8 | 1 | . | 1 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 4 | 10 | 2 | . | 2 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 2 | 6 | 1 | 3 | 4 | 3 | . | 2 | 3 | 5 | 1 | 4 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 2 | ||||||||||
600 | 8 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 4 | . | 1 | 5 | 4 | . | 2 | 5 | 1 | . | 5 | 4 | 3 | 3 | 1 | 3 | 4 | 3 | 3 | 6 | 5 | . | 4 | 2 | 2 | . | 4 | 2 | 3 | . | 3 | 3 | 3 | 1 | 7 | 6 | 1 | . | 1 | 5 | 4 | . | 2 | 10 | 6 | . | 4 | 2 | 1 | . | 3 | 6 | 5 | . | 3 | 4 | 1 | . | 5 | 2 | 5 | 1 | 3 | 2 | 2 | . | 3 | 8 | 3 | 2 | 6 | 7 | 1 | 1 | 3 | 5 | 5 | . | 2 | 5 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 5 | 2 | . | 1 | 2 | 6 | 1 | 2 | 6 | 4 | . | 2 | ||||||||||
700 | 3 | 2 | 3 | 3 | 7 | 4 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 4 | 3 | 4 | . | 4 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 4 | 10 | 5 | . | 2 | 2 | 3 | 1 | 2 | 6 | 5 | 1 | 2 | 5 | 1 | 1 | 7 | 4 | 4 | . | 2 | 4 | 4 | . | 2 | 5 | 4 | 1 | 4 | 3 | 2 | . | 2 | 5 | 3 | . | 5 | 5 | 4 | . | 4 | 5 | 2 | . | 2 | 3 | 6 | 2 | 4 | 8 | 3 | . | 2 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 13 | 4 | 4 | . | 2 | 4 | 3 | 2 | 4 | 7 | 3 | . | 1 | 1 | 2 | . | 3 | 7 | 3 | . | 4 | 2 | 2 | . | 2 | ||||||||||
800 | 7 | 4 | 2 | 2 | 6 | 4 | 1 | 3 | 4 | 2 | . | 1 | 3 | 3 | 1 | 2 | 6 | 4 | 1 | 7 | 2 | 2 | . | 2 | 3 | 6 | . | 1 | 10 | 2 | . | 4 | 6 | 6 | 1 | 2 | 6 | 4 | 1 | 1 | 8 | 3 | . | 2 | 2 | 3 | 2 | 9 | 3 | 4 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 1 | . | 6 | 6 | 3 | . | 2 | 2 | 4 | . | 2 | 8 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 5 | 2 | . | 2 | 3 | 11 | . | 7 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 3 | 6 | 1 | 3 | 1 | 2 | 6 | . | 3 | 7 | 3 | 2 | 7 | 7 | 2 | 1 | 4 | 7 | 4 | . | 4 | ||||||||||
900 | 6 | 4 | . | 4 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 3 | . | 1 | 6 | 3 | 2 | 4 | 2 | 3 | . | 3 | 5 | 3 | . | 2 | 5 | 3 | . | 5 | 5 | 2 | 1 | 6 | 4 | 2 | 1 | 5 | 8 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 5 | 1 | . | 2 | 8 | 9 | . | 1 | 2 | 3 | . | 3 | 4 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 4 | . | 3 | 11 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 8 | 2 | . | 3 | 5 | 4 | 1 | 4 | 4 | 5 | 1 | 8 | 4 | 3 | . | 2 | 8 | 4 | 1 | 1 | 6 | 3 | . | 4 | 4 | 2 | . | 3 | 6 | 2 | . | 2 | 4 | 2 | . | 10 | ||||||||||
1000 | 5 | 6 | . | 2 | 2 | 4 | . | 4 | 9 | 7 | . | 2 | 2 | 1 | . | 5 | 8 | 4 | . | 1 | 4 | 1 | . | 5 | 6 | 13 | 1 | 3 | 2 | 4 | . | 4 | 5 | 1 | . | 6 | 4 | 2 | . | 1 | 6 | 3 | 1 | 2 | 4 | 4 | 1 | 2 | 6 | 1 | . | 2 | 4 | 7 | . | 4 | 8 | 5 | 1 | 2 | 5 | 1 | 3 | 2 | 4 | 4 | . | 2 | 2 | 3 | 2 | 11 | 3 | 2 | . | 6 | 1 | 3 | . | 3 | 9 | 4 | 1 | 4 | 4 | 4 | . | 2 | 12 | 4 | 2 | 2 | 5 | 1 | . | 4 | 4 | 4 | 1 | 2 | ||||||||||
1100 | 8 | 4 | . | 2 | 6 | 4 | 2 | 5 | 3 | 1 | . | 3 | 2 | 4 | 2 | 3 | 5 | 1 | . | 2 | 8 | 2 | . | 1 | 3 | 7 | 1 | 3 | 4 | 2 | . | 4 | 1 | 2 | . | 3 | 5 | 3 | . | 2 | 4 | 3 | 1 | 5 | 6 | 2 | . | 2 | 5 | 4 | . | 2 | 13 | 3 | . | 8 | 2 | 2 | . | 3 | 5 | 6 | 1 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 5 | 4 | 1 | 3 | 1 | 5 | . | 3 | 6 | 3 | 2 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 3 | 4 | 5 | . | 4 | 7 | 3 | . | 2 | 6 | 3 | . | 2 | 2 | 8 | 1 | 4 | ||||||||||
1200 | 9 | 4 | . | 3 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 6 | 6 | 1 | 3 | 2 | 2 | . | 8 | 8 | 3 | . | 2 | 2 | 4 | 1 | 2 | 9 | 7 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 3 | 6 | 4 | 1 | 4 | 5 | 1 | 1 | 5 | 4 | 4 | . | 2 | 3 | 4 | . | 2 | 8 | 3 | 1 | 3 | 3 | 2 | . | 2 | 3 | 3 | 1 | 4 | 7 | 3 | 1 | 3 | 6 | 4 | . | 3 | 1 | 6 | 1 | 3 | 4 | 2 | . | 6 | 4 | 1 | 1 | 3 | 8 | 4 | 1 | 1 | 3 | 3 | . | 8 | 5 | 2 | . | 2 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 5 | 9 | 4 | . | 3 | ||||||||||
1300 | 4 | 1 | . | 2 | 7 | 11 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 4 | . | 5 | 5 | 3 | . | 4 | 4 | 2 | . | 3 | 8 | 3 | 3 | 7 | 2 | 4 | . | 3 | 6 | 2 | 1 | 4 | 3 | 3 | . | 4 | 2 | 5 | 1 | 3 | 3 | 4 | 2 | 4 | 10 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | . | 2 | 4 | 3 | 1 | 3 | 6 | 3 | . | 2 | 3 | 8 | . | 2 | 6 | 3 | . | 2 | 3 | 3 | . | 5 | 6 | 6 | 1 | 2 | 4 | 1 | 1 | 3 | 4 | 3 | 2 | 3 | 2 | 3 | . | 3 | 7 | 4 | . | 6 | 3 | 3 | . | 2 | ||||||||||
1400 | 7 | 3 | . | 4 | 7 | 2 | . | 4 | 7 | 2 | . | 2 | 5 | 6 | . | 2 | 4 | 4 | 1 | 4 | 2 | 5 | 1 | 3 | 5 | 6 | . | 1 | 4 | 1 | . | 6 | 5 | 2 | . | 4 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 9 | 13 | 3 | . | 4 | 3 | 3 | . | 2 | 5 | 6 | . | 2 | 4 | 2 | . | 4 | 6 | 4 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 2 | . | 5 | 4 | 3 | . | 3 | 4 | 2 | . | 1 | 9 | 2 | . | 4 | 4 | 2 | 4 | 5 | 4 | 2 | . | 1 | 2 | 10 | . | 3 | 6 | 2 | . | 4 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 4 | 4 | 2 | . | 3 | ||||||||||
1500 | 7 | 2 | 1 | 7 | 4 | 4 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 2 | . | 3 | 10 | 5 | . | 4 | 2 | 3 | . | 6 | 6 | 8 | 1 | 1 | 3 | 5 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 1 | 3 | 11 | 3 | 2 | 6 | 4 | 3 | . | 2 | 2 | 4 | . | 4 | 6 | 2 | . | 4 | 5 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 2 | 3 | 2 | 4 | 8 | 3 | 1 | 2 | 4 | 2 | . | 2 | 7 | 3 | . | 1 | 3 | 4 | . | 9 | 2 | 2 | . | 3 | 2 | 4 | . | 2 | 11 | 4 | 2 | 3 | 5 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 3 | 5 | . | 5 | 4 | 1 | . | 4 | ||||||||||
1600 | 9 | 2 | . | 3 | 5 | 5 | 2 | 6 | 5 | 2 | . | 5 | 3 | 1 | . | 4 | 3 | 7 | . | 1 | 5 | 3 | . | 3 | 4 | 5 | . | 1 | 3 | 4 | . | 4 | 8 | 6 | . | 4 | 4 | 1 | 1 | 4 | 4 | 2 | . | 2 | 2 | 4 | 2 | 8 | 5 | 5 | . | 2 | 2 | 4 | 1 | 3 | 6 | 3 | 1 | 4 | 2 | 2 | . | 2 | 10 | 7 | 3 | 2 | 6 | 1 | . | 2 | 4 | 5 | . | 5 | 1 | 4 | 1 | 4 | 12 | 2 | 1 | 6 | 1 | 3 | . | 3 | 2 | 3 | 1 | 2 | 9 | 2 | 2 | 4 | 5 | 2 | . | 2 | ||||||||||
1700 | 4 | 8 | . | 4 | 5 | 5 | . | 2 | 3 | 1 | . | 2 | 8 | 3 | . | 4 | 4 | 2 | 1 | 7 | 8 | 2 | . | 1 | 8 | 7 | . | 9 | 10 | 8 | . | 2 | 4 | 1 | . | 3 | 7 | 11 | . | 2 | 4 | 1 | . | 4 | 6 | 4 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 4 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 3 | . | 9 | 5 | 4 | . | 4 | 8 | 3 | 1 | 5 | 7 | 2 | . | 4 | 4 | 2 | 1 | 4 | 4 | 4 | . | 5 | 6 | 4 | . | 2 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 9 | . | 2 | 5 | 1 | 1 | 3 | 14 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 3 | . | 3 | ||||||||||
1800 | 9 | 4 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 5 | . | 3 | 5 | 9 | . | 3 | 5 | 3 | . | 6 | 3 | 3 | 1 | 2 | 5 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 8 | 3 | 1 | 6 | 4 | 3 | . | 1 | 3 | 5 | . | 3 | 5 | 2 | . | 2 | 7 | 4 | . | 2 | 3 | 6 | . | 2 | 8 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 6 | 5 | 2 | . | 3 | 4 | 1 | . | 7 | 2 | 3 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 4 | . | 1 | 13 | 3 | 1 | 5 | 3 | 1 | . | 2 | 5 | 7 | 1 | 3 | 2 | 4 | . | 4 | 5 | 4 | . | 2 | 2 | 3 | . | 2 | 5 | 5 | 1 | 5 | ||||||||||
1900 | 9 | 1 | 1 | 3 | 8 | 5 | . | 3 | 4 | 5 | . | 6 | 3 | 2 | . | 2 | 4 | 4 | 1 | 3 | 14 | 3 | . | 4 | 2 | 6 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 2 | . | 3 | 4 | 1 | 1 | 6 | 4 | 2 | . | 2 | 2 | 3 | . | 3 | 9 | 2 | 1 | 4 | 3 | 2 | . | 5 | 4 | 6 | 3 | 6 | 3 | 3 | . | 3 | 8 | 4 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 3 | 3 | 6 | 3 | . | 6 | 4 | 1 | . | 4 | 5 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 7 | 3 | . | 2 | 6 | 2 | . | 1 | 7 | 6 | 1 | 4 | 5 | 5 | 2 | 8 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 7 | ||||||||||
2000 | 10 | 5 | . | 1 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 4 | 2 | 5 | . | 1 | 2 | 4 | . | 5 | 13 | 4 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 3 | . | 4 | 6 | 11 | . | 2 | 6 | 2 | . | 3 | 4 | 4 | . | 4 | 6 | 4 | 2 | 3 | 9 | 2 | . | 6 | 4 | 2 | . | 4 | 6 | 3 | . | 3 | 6 | 2 | . | 6 | 2 | 3 | 1 | 4 | 2 | 4 | 2 | 1 | 6 | 5 | 1 | 4 | 3 | 3 | . | 7 | 5 | 3 | . | 3 | 3 | 2 | . | 9 | 8 | 3 | . | 1 | 3 | 4 | . | 2 | 9 | 12 | . | 4 | 2 | 4 | . | 2 | 3 | 4 | 1 | 1 | ||||||||||
2100 | 7 | 4 | . | 2 | 4 | 3 | 1 | 4 | 4 | 4 | . | 2 | 10 | 1 | 1 | 6 | 4 | 2 | . | 4 | 4 | 5 | . | 3 | 3 | 5 | . | 2 | 6 | 1 | . | 1 | 3 | 6 | . | 4 | 5 | 1 | 1 | 4 | 2 | 2 | . | 4 | 4 | 8 | . | 2 | 3 | 2 | 3 | 5 | 2 | 2 | . | 3 | 5 | 3 | 1 | 3 | 15 | 2 | 1 | 4 | 2 | 4 | 2 | 3 | 6 | 6 | 1 | 3 | 3 | 3 | . | 6 | 7 | 4 | 1 | 4 | 4 | 3 | 1 | 3 | 9 | 7 | 2 | 4 | 7 | 3 | . | 3 | 4 | 5 | . | 3 | 4 | 2 | 1 | 2 | ||||||||||
2200 | 7 | 6 | . | 1 | 5 | 10 | . | 2 | 8 | 3 | . | 4 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 4 | 2 | 2 | . | 3 | 4 | 2 | . | 7 | 7 | 4 | . | 2 | 2 | 2 | . | 3 | 8 | 5 | . | 6 | 2 | 2 | . | 1 | 11 | 8 | 1 | 1 | 4 | 2 | . | 5 | 2 | 4 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 3 | . | 4 | 6 | 4 | 1 | 4 | 4 | 4 | . | 3 | 3 | 4 | . | 1 | 6 | 4 | . | 2 | 5 | 2 | . | 7 | 3 | 7 | . | 2 | 9 | 1 | . | 2 | 4 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 7 | 6 | 1 | 2 | 4 | 1 | . | 9 | 7 | 3 | . | 3 | ||||||||||
2300 | 4 | 4 | 1 | 5 | 12 | 6 | . | 2 | 2 | 1 | . | 1 | 8 | 3 | . | 2 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 6 | 3 | . | 2 | 2 | 6 | . | 2 | 4 | 2 | 1 | 6 | 2 | 1 | . | 2 | 4 | 4 | . | 1 | 7 | 2 | . | 4 | 5 | 5 | . | 1 | 2 | 5 | 1 | 12 | 10 | 3 | 1 | 4 | 2 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 6 | 3 | . | 2 | 3 | 4 | 1 | 6 | 8 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 4 | 1 | 8 | 8 | 1 | . | 4 | 4 | 1 | . | 2 | 4 | 7 | . | 4 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 3 | 4 | 2 | . | 2 | 2 | 4 | . | 1 | ||||||||||
2400 | 13 | 5 | 1 | 6 | 4 | 4 | . | 3 | 4 | 4 | . | 1 | 3 | 3 | 1 | 8 | 5 | 2 | . | 2 | 4 | 3 | . | 2 | 4 | 4 | . | 3 | 1 | 2 | . | 5 | 7 | 2 | . | 2 | 4 | 3 | . | 3 | 8 | 2 | . | 2 | 3 | 4 | . | 3 | 10 | 6 | . | 4 | 1 | 3 | . | 3 | 3 | 10 | . | 3 | 5 | 3 | . | 2 | 8 | 4 | 3 | 2 | 6 | 2 | . | 2 | 5 | 3 | 2 | 11 | 2 | 1 | . | 3 | 6 | 3 | . | 3 | 5 | 5 | . | 2 | 4 | 2 | . | 2 | 4 | 4 | 1 | 2 | 13 | 3 | . | 7 | ||||||||||
2500 | 6 | 3 | . | 2 | 2 | 4 | . | 3 | 4 | 2 | . | 6 | 4 | 5 | 1 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 13 | 3 | 2 | 3 | 3 | 3 | . | 4 | 5 | 3 | . | 3 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 6 | 3 | 5 | . | 1 | 2 | 6 | . | 2 | 6 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 7 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 4 | 4 | 1 | 4 | 5 | 3 | . | 2 | 10 | 2 | . | 3 | 3 | 8 | 4 | 3 | 4 | 3 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 2 | 6 | 9 | 4 | . | 2 | 4 | 2 | . | 8 | 5 | 5 | . | 2 | 3 | 2 | . | 2 | 11 | 4 | . | 4 | 3 | 3 | . | 2 | ||||||||||
2600 | 9 | 5 | . | 2 | 4 | 2 | . | 4 | 3 | 4 | . | 3 | 1 | 5 | . | 2 | 5 | 1 | . | 5 | 3 | 2 | . | 3 | 7 | 8 | . | 2 | 8 | 4 | . | 4 | 5 | 1 | 1 | 4 | 2 | 4 | 1 | 4 | 12 | 4 | . | 2 | 2 | 3 | 2 | 3 | 3 | 2 | . | 3 | 4 | 3 | . | 6 | 7 | 1 | . | 1 | 5 | 2 | . | 2 | 8 | 5 | . | 4 | 2 | 2 | . | 2 | 4 | 8 | . | 4 | 2 | 2 | . | 4 | 6 | 4 | 2 | 1 | 4 | 4 | . | 1 | 12 | 1 | . | 6 | 4 | 1 | . | 9 | 4 | 5 | . | 4 | ||||||||||
2700 | 8 | 3 | . | 5 | 6 | 2 | . | 3 | 6 | 7 | . | 1 | 5 | 3 | . | 4 | 4 | 6 | . | 2 | 8 | 4 | . | 2 | 2 | 5 | 1 | 6 | 6 | 1 | . | 1 | 2 | 2 | . | 5 | 10 | 6 | 1 | 4 | 4 | 1 | . | 4 | 5 | 8 | . | 2 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 5 | 5 | 3 | 1 | 4 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 8 | 3 | . | 4 | 3 | 5 | . | 1 | 4 | 4 | . | 2 | 7 | 3 | . | 8 | 2 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 4 | 4 | 3 | 4 | 8 | 2 | . | 2 | 4 | 1 | . | 4 | 3 | 9 | . | 4 | 2 | 2 | . | 6 | ||||||||||
2800 | 9 | 3 | . | 1 | 2 | 8 | . | 3 | 9 | 3 | . | 2 | 3 | 3 | . | 3 | 10 | 10 | . | 1 | 4 | 4 | . | 3 | 2 | 4 | . | 2 | 2 | 5 | . | 3 | 6 | 4 | 2 | 10 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 4 | 4 | 2 | . | 1 | 7 | 2 | 1 | 4 | 4 | 4 | . | 1 | 6 | 3 | 1 | 2 | 9 | 1 | . | 3 | 4 | 2 | 2 | 5 | 4 | 5 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 3 | . | 6 | 5 | 4 | . | 6 | 3 | 4 | . | 2 | 16 | 3 | 2 | 4 | 5 | 2 | . | 1 | 7 | 5 | 1 | 5 | 2 | 3 | 1 | 5 | 4 | 3 | . | 2 | ||||||||||
2900 | 5 | 2 | . | 2 | 7 | 4 | 2 | 6 | 4 | 2 | . | 2 | 9 | 4 | . | 4 | 6 | 1 | . | 4 | 5 | 3 | . | 2 | 2 | 9 | . | 2 | 6 | 6 | . | 2 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 2 | 4 | . | 1 | 7 | 2 | 1 | 4 | 6 | 4 | . | 2 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 6 | 3 | . | 4 | 2 | 1 | . | 4 | 6 | 7 | 2 | 1 | 4 | 2 | . | 5 | 4 | 4 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 8 | 8 | 5 | . | 3 | 3 | 3 | . | 3 | 2 | 5 | . | 3 | 3 | 3 | . | 3 | 6 | 4 | . | 3 | 2 | 8 | 1 | 1 | ||||||||||
3000 | 9 | 1 | . | 8 | 4 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 11 | 4 | . | 2 | 4 | 2 | 1 | 10 | 4 | 3 | . | 1 | 3 | 5 | . | 2 | 13 | 13 | . | 2 | 1 | 2 | . | 2 | 4 | 8 | 1 | 2 | 4 | 1 | 1 | 3 | 9 | 3 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 8 | . | 3 | 4 | 2 | . | 9 | 2 | 2 | . | 4 | 4 | 3 | . | 4 | 7 | 2 | . | 4 | 4 | 2 | . | 1 | 3 | 7 | . | 4 | 10 | 4 | 1 | 6 | 3 | 2 | . | 2 | 9 | 5 | . | 1 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 8 | 6 | 3 | . | 2 | 1 | 3 | . | 2 | 8 | 4 | 2 | 2 | ||||||||||
3100 | 6 | 2 | . | 3 | 6 | 8 | 1 | 2 | 4 | 3 | . | 5 | 2 | 3 | . | 4 | 4 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 12 | 4 | . | 3 | 5 | 3 | . | 2 | 6 | 5 | . | 3 | 8 | 2 | . | 9 | 9 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 4 | 2 | 2 | 4 | 4 | . | 2 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 4 | 4 | 3 | . | 3 | 2 | 4 | 2 | 8 | 5 | 2 | . | 2 | 3 | 4 | . | 3 | 12 | 2 | . | 5 | 4 | 2 | . | 3 | 7 | 4 | . | 4 | 4 | 2 | . | 3 | 6 | 10 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 2 | . | 1 | 8 | 3 | 1 | 6 | 3 | 2 | . | 3 | ||||||||||
3200 | 9 | 4 | . | 1 | 4 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 4 | . | 3 | 2 | 8 | . | 3 | 6 | 2 | . | 4 | 4 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 7 | . | 2 | 3 | 2 | . | 7 | 5 | 2 | . | 2 | 3 | 4 | 1 | 4 | 11 | 4 | . | 4 | 2 | 4 | . | 3 | 6 | 6 | 1 | 2 | 5 | 1 | 1 | 8 | 5 | 4 | 1 | 4 | 3 | 2 | . | 2 | 10 | 3 | 2 | 8 | 5 | 2 | . | 3 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 7 | 8 | 2 | 1 | 5 | 7 | 4 | . | 4 | 2 | 6 | . | 3 | 4 | 5 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 4 | 4 | . | 2 | ||||||||||
3300 | 7 | 1 | . | 3 | 4 | 2 | . | 1 | 1 | 2 | . | 5 | 9 | 5 | 1 | 8 | 1 | 2 | . | 1 | 4 | 5 | . | 1 | 2 | 6 | 1 | 2 | 7 | 3 | . | 3 | 12 | 5 | 1 | 4 | 4 | 5 | . | 7 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 4 | 6 | 4 | . | 1 | 5 | 3 | 2 | 3 | 2 | 3 | . | 4 | 6 | 5 | . | 2 | 16 | 1 | . | 4 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 6 | 4 | 3 | . | 2 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 8 | 7 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 6 | . | 3 | 9 | 3 | . | 2 | 4 | 1 | . | 3 | 8 | 7 | . | 4 | 2 | 2 | . | 4 | ||||||||||
3400 | 6 | 2 | . | 2 | 3 | 4 | 1 | 3 | 6 | 2 | . | 3 | 1 | 1 | . | 3 | 4 | 5 | . | 3 | 9 | 3 | . | 6 | 4 | 3 | . | 2 | 4 | 5 | 1 | 4 | 8 | 2 | . | 4 | 2 | 3 | 1 | 2 | 7 | 4 | 1 | 2 | 5 | 4 | . | 3 | 2 | 5 | . | 4 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 14 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 4 | 1 | . | 2 | 3 | 12 | . | 2 | 3 | 3 | 1 | 8 | 8 | 3 | . | 4 | 3 | 4 | 2 | 4 | 9 | 1 | 2 | 6 | 4 | 5 | . | 2 | 4 | 5 | . | 1 | 3 | 2 | . | 5 | 5 | 3 | . | 1 | ||||||||||
3500 | 5 | 4 | . | 2 | 6 | 3 | . | 4 | 3 | 4 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 4 | 2 | 4 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 6 | 11 | 2 | . | 2 | 2 | 6 | 1 | 2 | 10 | 1 | . | 4 | 3 | 1 | . | 4 | 6 | 5 | . | 1 | 4 | 1 | . | 3 | 3 | 4 | . | 2 | 1 | 6 | 1 | 4 | 8 | 5 | 1 | 6 | 2 | 1 | . | 1 | 5 | 2 | . | 2 | 6 | 4 | . | 5 | 5 | 3 | . | 3 | 2 | 4 | . | 6 | 4 | 5 | . | 3 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 10 | 4 | . | 3 | 5 | 3 | . | 9 | 7 | 2 | . | 2 | 4 | 4 | . | 4 | ||||||||||
3600 | 16 | 4 | . | 2 | 5 | 4 | . | 2 | 4 | 4 | 2 | 2 | 4 | 1 | . | 5 | 4 | 3 | . | 5 | 4 | 4 | . | 6 | 5 | 5 | 1 | 6 | 2 | 3 | . | 3 | 3 | 5 | . | 3 | 5 | 1 | . | 4 | 8 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 8 | . | 2 | 12 | 2 | . | 2 | 4 | 3 | . | 5 | 3 | 5 | . | 1 | 4 | 2 | . | 9 | 8 | 4 | . | 3 | 2 | 2 | . | 4 | 9 | 2 | 1 | 9 | 3 | 1 | . | 3 | 9 | 4 | 1 | 3 | 3 | 4 | . | 2 | 3 | 6 | . | 1 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 13 | 1 | 1 | 4 | ||||||||||
3700 | 4 | 2 | . | 5 | 2 | 8 | . | 2 | 4 | 3 | 1 | 2 | 6 | 6 | 1 | 2 | 4 | 7 | . | 2 | 8 | 1 | 1 | 5 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 4 | 4 | . | 4 | 4 | 1 | 2 | 7 | 5 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 6 | 4 | 1 | 3 | 12 | 4 | . | 3 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 6 | 9 | . | 2 | 2 | 5 | . | 5 | 6 | 3 | . | 2 | 2 | 4 | . | 1 | 5 | 1 | 1 | 4 | 3 | 4 | . | 5 | 5 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 8 | 3 | . | 4 | 5 | 4 | . | 2 | 2 | 4 | . | 2 | 7 | 1 | . | 8 | 3 | 1 | . | 3 | ||||||||||
3800 | 8 | 4 | . | 1 | 3 | 2 | . | 16 | 9 | 4 | . | 3 | 2 | 4 | . | 4 | 7 | 5 | 1 | 4 | 2 | 1 | . | 2 | 6 | 9 | . | 2 | 4 | 2 | . | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 5 | 4 | 2 | . | 2 | 15 | 3 | . | 6 | 7 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 4 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 3 | 3 | . | 4 | 4 | 5 | . | 2 | 2 | 9 | . | 2 | 8 | 3 | . | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 7 | 2 | . | 4 | 5 | 1 | . | 3 | 7 | 4 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 8 | 2 | 6 | 10 | 3 | . | 2 | 3 | 2 | . | 4 | 13 | 6 | . | 2 | ||||||||||
3900 | 8 | 2 | . | 2 | 6 | 5 | . | 1 | 2 | 2 | . | 1 | 4 | 5 | . | 9 | 2 | 3 | . | 1 | 9 | 3 | . | 2 | 5 | 3 | . | 8 | 3 | 3 | . | 2 | 3 | 7 | . | 3 | 8 | 4 | . | 4 | 3 | 4 | 1 | 2 | 5 | 4 | . | 1 | 4 | 2 | . | 3 | 10 | 3 | . | 4 | 3 | 4 | 1 | 3 | 14 | 4 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 4 | 1 | 7 | 7 | 12 | . | 4 | 2 | 2 | . | 8 | 5 | 4 | . | 3 | 3 | 3 | 1 | 4 | 6 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 2 | 1 | . | 2 | 2 | 5 | . | 5 | 5 | 3 | 1 | 4 | ||||||||||
4000 | 8 | 2 | . | 1 | 5 | 6 | . | 1 | 4 | 3 | 1 | 4 | 2 | 3 | 1 | 4 | 3 | 4 | 1 | 2 | 4 | 2 | 2 | 5 | 2 | 6 | . | 1 | 2 | 4 | . | 7 | 17 | 5 | . | 4 | 2 | 3 | 1 | 2 | 4 | 5 | . | 2 | 3 | 2 | . | 4 | 8 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 4 | 1 | 3 | 6 | 2 | 1 | 6 | 5 | 2 | . | 3 | 5 | 5 | 1 | 5 | 4 | 3 | . | 4 | 4 | 1 | . | 3 | 2 | 5 | . | 1 | 14 | 4 | . | 2 | 1 | 4 | . | 8 | 5 | 4 | . | 2 | 5 | 2 | 1 | 14 | 7 | 4 | 2 | 2 | ||||||||||
4100 | 9 | 2 | . | 4 | 11 | 5 | 1 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 10 | 4 | . | 4 | 4 | 2 | . | 2 | 5 | 3 | . | 4 | 1 | 8 | . | 1 | 8 | 3 | . | 6 | 5 | 1 | . | 2 | 4 | 4 | . | 1 | 8 | 3 | . | 5 | 6 | 4 | 1 | 4 | 2 | 6 | . | 3 | 4 | 2 | . | 6 | 2 | 1 | . | 3 | 12 | 5 | . | 2 | 6 | 6 | 1 | 5 | 4 | 2 | . | 2 | 3 | 4 | . | 3 | 10 | 3 | . | 4 | 4 | 2 | . | 3 | 4 | 9 | . | 2 | 2 | 2 | . | 5 | 4 | 4 | 2 | 3 | 1 | 3 | 1 | 5 | ||||||||||
4200 | 12 | 3 | 1 | 4 | 1 | 4 | . | 3 | 3 | 4 | . | 1 | 5 | 3 | 2 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 1 | 2 | 7 | 6 | . | 4 | 12 | 6 | . | 2 | 3 | 1 | . | 2 | 4 | 5 | . | 7 | 3 | 3 | . | 5 | 7 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 4 | 2 | 3 | 7 | 4 | . | 4 | 1 | 2 | . | 4 | 8 | 6 | 1 | 1 | 4 | 1 | . | 8 | 4 | 5 | . | 2 | 3 | 2 | . | 3 | 6 | 2 | . | 9 | 2 | 4 | . | 4 | 4 | 3 | . | 1 | 6 | 3 | . | 2 | 7 | 1 | . | 2 | 5 | 5 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 1 | . | 2 | ||||||||||
4300 | 3 | 4 | . | 4 | 4 | 8 | . | 4 | 2 | 3 | . | 6 | 13 | 3 | . | 2 | 3 | 2 | . | 2 | 16 | 3 | . | 4 | 5 | 3 | . | 1 | 3 | 13 | . | 3 | 3 | 3 | . | 8 | 4 | 2 | . | 1 | 5 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 4 | 5 | . | 9 | 4 | 1 | 1 | 4 | 11 | 2 | . | 5 | 9 | 2 | . | 3 | 4 | 5 | . | 1 | 4 | 6 | . | 2 | 12 | 5 | . | 4 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 5 | 4 | 5 | . | 2 | 5 | 3 | . | 4 | 5 | 3 | . | 2 | 3 | 8 | . | 2 | 7 | 2 | 1 | 4 | 4 | 1 | . | 2 | ||||||||||
4400 | 12 | 7 | . | 4 | 2 | 3 | . | 5 | 5 | 1 | . | 2 | 2 | 2 | . | 5 | 10 | 4 | 3 | 3 | 5 | 1 | . | 2 | 5 | 7 | . | 2 | 6 | 3 | . | 5 | 3 | 4 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 7 | 1 | 3 | 8 | 2 | . | 2 | 3 | 5 | . | 4 | 4 | 2 | . | 2 | 4 | 2 | . | 10 | 2 | 3 | 1 | 6 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 14 | 4 | . | 2 | 1 | 2 | . | 3 | 7 | 6 | 1 | 3 | 4 | 4 | . | 3 | 12 | 10 | . | 1 | 2 | 8 | 1 | 3 | 8 | 1 | . | 3 | 1 | 2 | . | 4 | 5 | 2 | . | 3 | ||||||||||
4500 | 8 | 4 | . | 4 | 2 | 4 | . | 1 | 5 | 5 | 1 | 4 | 8 | 5 | . | 8 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 5 | 4 | . | 1 | 4 | 4 | 1 | 5 | 6 | 4 | . | 2 | 2 | 3 | 1 | 3 | 13 | 4 | . | 4 | 2 | 2 | . | 4 | 7 | 8 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | . | 4 | 3 | 3 | 1 | 5 | 2 | 8 | . | 3 | 13 | 2 | 2 | 8 | 4 | 4 | . | 1 | 3 | 4 | 1 | 4 | 5 | 2 | . | 6 | 8 | 3 | . | 2 | 5 | 3 | . | 3 | 4 | 4 | . | 4 | 2 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 8 | 3 | . | 2 | 2 | 2 | 6 | 7 | ||||||||||
4600 | 8 | 2 | . | 1 | 2 | 4 | . | 3 | 14 | 2 | . | 4 | 1 | 2 | . | 4 | 3 | 8 | . | 3 | 8 | 1 | . | 4 | 6 | 8 | . | 2 | 2 | 2 | . | 2 | 5 | 4 | . | 6 | 4 | 2 | . | 1 | 10 | 8 | . | 1 | 5 | 2 | . | 2 | 4 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 7 | . | 7 | 6 | 3 | . | 2 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 5 | 4 | . | 2 | 2 | 4 | 1 | 4 | 12 | 1 | . | 8 | 4 | 2 | . | 1 | 13 | 3 | . | 4 | 5 | 2 | . | 2 | 4 | 4 | 1 | 2 | 5 | 3 | . | 5 | 3 | 6 | 2 | 2 | ||||||||||
4700 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 12 | 2 | 1 | 4 | 4 | 2 | . | 3 | 4 | 2 | . | 4 | 3 | 3 | . | 7 | 6 | 3 | . | 1 | 1 | 13 | . | 2 | 5 | 2 | . | 4 | 4 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 7 | 3 | . | 2 | 4 | 2 | . | 10 | 3 | 4 | . | 2 | 2 | 2 | . | 3 | 12 | 6 | . | 4 | 2 | 2 | . | 1 | 8 | 4 | . | 2 | 2 | 2 | . | 4 | 5 | 4 | . | 4 | 4 | 4 | . | 4 | 6 | 3 | 1 | 6 | 2 | 2 | . | 1 | 6 | 9 | . | 2 | 7 | 2 | . | 3 | 5 | 2 | . | 4 | 5 | 6 | 1 | 8 | ||||||||||
4800 | 15 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 5 | . | 5 | 5 | 4 | . | 3 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 6 | 8 | 3 | . | 3 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 4 | 6 | 7 | . | 5 | 3 | 2 | . | 1 | 6 | 5 | 1 | 2 | 4 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 6 | 5 | . | 2 | 2 | 8 | . | 2 | 6 | 3 | 1 | 9 | 2 | 2 | . | 2 | 2 | 3 | . | 3 | 7 | 1 | . | 2 | 10 | 4 | . | 3 | 3 | 4 | 1 | 2 | 9 | 4 | . | 9 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 5 | 6 | 3 | . | 2 | 4 | 2 | 4 | 4 | 6 | 1 | . | 3 | 3 | 4 | . | 4 | 13 | 3 | . | 4 | ||||||||||
4900 | 7 | 4 | . | 2 | 4 | 8 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 3 | 5 | 3 | . | 3 | 3 | 4 | . | 2 | 9 | 5 | 1 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 1 | 2 | 10 | 5 | . | 1 | 4 | 1 | . | 8 | 3 | 1 | . | 2 | 4 | 6 | 1 | 2 | 7 | 7 | . | 4 | 1 | 5 | . | 2 | 2 | 4 | . | 2 | 5 | 1 | . | 7 | 8 | 5 | . | 2 | 6 | 4 | 1 | 3 | 9 | 2 | . | 3 | 2 | 1 | . | 8 | 4 | 10 | 2 | 2 | 4 | 2 | . | 5 | 5 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 4 | 2 | 1 | 5 | 12 | 3 | 2 | 8 | 3 | 2 | . | 1 | ||||||||||
5000 | 6 | 2 | . | 1 | 3 | 8 | 1 | 2 | 5 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 1 | 4 | 9 | 2 | . | 4 | 2 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 4 | 6 | 1 | 2 | 4 | 2 | 1 | 7 | 7 | 4 | . | 5 | 2 | 4 | 1 | 2 | 18 | 2 | 2 | 5 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 6 | 4 | 8 | . | 2 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 5 | 9 | 4 | . | 2 | 4 | 4 | . | 3 | 5 | 2 | . | 4 | 5 | 3 | 1 | 2 | 4 | 4 | . | 7 | 5 | 2 | . | 4 | 4 | 1 | . | 4 | 4 | 6 | 2 | 2 | 8 | 5 | . | 3 | 2 | 2 | . | 6 | 7 | 3 | . | 1 |
Es gibt für etliche (wahrscheinlich) gar keine Lösungen, für andere gibt es eine oder wenige Lösungen, die sich auf kleine konzentrieren. Die Anzahl der Lösungen steigt langsam an für größere . Die folgende Tabelle enthält 's mit bis dahin der meisten Anzahl von Lösungen der Gleichung . Für gibt es wie bewiesen genau eine Lösung. Für größere handelt es sich die Anzahl bei der Suche bis gefundenen Lösungen.
Anzahl der Lösungen |
größte Lösung für dieses | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Zahlen | Potenzen | ||||
1 | 1 | 9 − 8 | |||
3 | 2 | 128 − 125 | |||
4 | 3 | 125 − 121 | |||
7 | 5 | 32768 − 32761 | |||
17 | 7 | 143384152921 − 143384152904 | |||
100 | 10 | 18821096100 − 18821096000 | |||
207 | 12 | 49757256774842616 − 49757256774842409 | |||
225 | 13 | 373425320872841769 − 373425320872841544 | |||
1792 | 14 | 426959569 − 426957777 | |||
2160 | 15 | 33076161 − 33074001 | |||
2880 | 16 | 592704 − 589824 | |||
4032 | 17 | 11728027648 − 11728023616 | |||
5040 | 18 | 1590121 − 1585081 | |||
40320 | 36 | 101626561 − 101586241 |
Insbesondere für kleine findet man Lösungen für kleine , darüber nimmt die Anzahl von Lösungen extrem schnell ab. Höhere Potenzen als sind selten.
Zahlen | Potenzen | |
---|---|---|
1 | 9 − 8 | |
2 | 27 – 25 | |
3 | 128 – 125 | |
7 | 32768 – 32761 | |
8 | 97344 – 97336 | |
15 | 1295044 – 1295029 | |
17 | 143384152921 – 143384152904 | |
24 | 542939080336 – 542939080312 | |
207 | 49757256774842616 – 49757256774842409 | |
225 | 373425320872841769 – 373425320872841544 | |
307 | 830019507530916403 – 830019507530916096 | |
1090 | 22395604561459400005641 – 22395604561459400004551 | |
8569 | 1359566275032953673149025 - 1359566275032953673140456 |
Die folgende Liste gibt bis alle Lösungen dieser Gleichung an, wobei ist. Der größe dabei auftretende Wert für ist in , im Bereich von bis sind für keine weiteren Lösungen zu finden.[2]
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Weitere Verallgemeinerung
Man kann diese Verallgemeinerung weiter verallgemeinern und landet mit
- und
bei der Pillai-Vermutung.
Literatur
- Preda Mihailescu: Primary cyclotomic units and a proof of Catalan's conjecture. J. Reine Angew. Math. 572 (2004), S. 167–195
- Christoph Pöppe: Der Beweis der Catalan'schen Vermutung. In: Omega. Das Magazin für Mathematik, Logik und Computer. (Spektrum der Wissenschaft Spezial 4/2003) Spektrumverlag, Heidelberg 2003, S. 64–67
- Yuri Bilu: Catalan´s Conjecture (after Mihailescu). Seminaire Bourbaki, Nr. 909, 2002, (PDF).
- Jeanine Daems: A Cyclotomic Proof of Catalan´s Conjecture. Diplomarbeit, Universität Leiden 2003, (PDF).
- Maurice Mischler, Jacques Boéchat zur Catalan Vermutung, französisch (Arxiv).
- Henri Cohen zum Beweis der Catalan Vermutung, französisch (Online).
Weblinks
- Eric Weisstein: Catalan's Conjecture. In: MathWorld (englisch).
- https://www.welt.de/print-wams/article604626/Geniestreich-eines-spaet-Berufenen.html
Einzelnachweise
- Eugène Charles Catalan: Note extraite d'une lettre adressée à l'éditeur par Mr. E. Catalan, Répétiteur à l'école polytechnique de Paris. Journal für die reine und angewandte Mathematik 27, 192. 1844 (Scan des Originals online) (abgerufen am 16. April 2019)
- Die Suche bis 290 dauert auf einem heutigen PC mit 48 GByte RAM ca. 20 Minuten.