Sindel

Sindel (auch: Sindelo, Zindel, Zindelo oder Zundel) ist ein sagenumwobener, oft als „König“ titulierter Anführer der Roma aus dem 15. Jahrhundert, der als solcher eine wichtige Rolle für die historische Identität der Roma spielt.

Leben

Wissenschaftlich gesicherte Erkenntnisse über das Leben Sindels gibt es kaum. Der deutsche Chronist Johannes Aventinus erwähnt in seiner Baierischen Chronik, „Zigener“ hätten „unter ihrem Könige Zindelo oder Zundel“ 1439 begonnen, Bayern „zu durchwandern“ [Aventinus 1], und markiert damit den Beginn der Immigration der Roma nach Deutschland und weiter nach Frankreich, Italien, Spanien und Portugal [1].

Obwohl dieses Zitat praktisch der einzige Beleg für die Existenz Sindels ist [Fraser 1], wurde es in der Literatur wieder und wieder aufgegriffen und teils phantasievoll ausgeschmückt [Fraser 2].

Zudem ist der Titel „König“ irreführend, insofern es sich dabei ursprünglich weniger um die interne Bezeichnung der Roma für ihren Anführer handelte als vielmehr um eine begriffliche Anpassung an die sie umgebenden Gesellschaften, um mit größerem Gewicht auftreten zu können [Marushiakova 1].

Gleichwohl taucht „König Sindel“ in Folge auch im internen Diskurs der Roma als eine identitätsstiftende Figur auf, wie etwa in dem EU-geförderten Integrationsprojekt Romipen [Romipen 1] [Romipen 2], das sich an die heute in Europa lebenden Roma wendet.

Quellen

Zitate von Johannes Aventinus aus: Theodor Tetzner: Geschichte der Zigeuner;. ihre Herkunft, Natur und Art. Bernhard Friedrich Voigt, Weimar / Ilmenau 1835 (142 S., eBook [abgerufen am 9. Februar 2011]).

Seite 21

Zitate aus dem Projekt Romipen (abgerufen am 9. Februar 2011).

„At the beginning of the 15th century a great migration of the old Romany fathers started throughout the whole Europe – king Sindel and vojvoda (commander) Panuel, Michal, Ondrej“, Romipen 1
„In 1417 Sindel together with other three commanders appears in Budín heading to Košice and later through Levice in south Slovakia to Bratislava with a letter (testimonial) from Hungarian parliament“, „Sindelo was not in such a hurry and obviously he seemed to like central Germany. For some time he stayed near Ravensbrück“, Romipen 2

Einzelnachweise

Zitate von Angus Fraser aus: Angus Fraser: The Gypsies. In: The Peoples of Europe. (Buchreihe). 2. Auflage. Blackwell, Oxford [u. a.] 1995, ISBN 0-631-19605-6 (362 S., Google Books [abgerufen am 9. Februar 2011] Auszug).

„This is the only time that the passage of a King Zindel is recorded. […] Apart from that, and a few other references among those who drew on Aventinus, Zindel disappears without trace“, Seite 86
„There is a great temptation to link each sighting of an early band to one of a few named leaders, and – in extreme cases – to trace out neatly on the map of Europe the hypothetical route followed by each one. The supreme example of this can be found in Adriano Colocci’s Gli Zingari (1889), which contains just such a map, showing itineraries of King Sindel […] Despite what was clearly a lively imagination, the most that even Colocci could make of King Zindel was to put him at the head of the incursions to the region around Ratisbon (1424, 1426, 1433, 1439)“, Seite 86

Zitate von Elena Marushiakova und Vesselin Popov aus: Elena Marushiakova, Vesselin Popov: The Roma – a Nation without a State?. Historical Background and Contemporary Tendencies. In: Bernhard Streck (Hrsg.): Segmentation und Komplementarität. Organisatorische, ökonomische und kulturelle Aspekte der Interaktion von Nomaden und Sesshaften. Mitteilungen des Sonderforschungsbereichs (SFB) 586 „Differenz und Integration“ 6. Orientwissenschaftliches Zentrum der Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg (OWZ), Halle/Saale 2004, S. 71–100 (eMag [abgerufen am 9. Februar 2011]).

„The institution of the so-called ‘Gypsy kings’ (or rather an imitation of an institution for the sake of the surrounding population) is a phenomenon, which is well known in history. Since the Gypsies came to Western Europe in the 15th c. the historical sources noted their ‘king Sindel, the dukes Andrash, Mihali and Panuel’ […]. This is a case of presenting their leaders according to the general terminology in order to mislead the European rulers into granting privileges for the Gypsies“, Seite 76

Anmerkungen

Vergleiche History of the Romani people in der englischen Wikipedia.

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[1] Seite 21

[6] „At the beginning of the 15th century a great migration of the old Romany fathers started throughout the whole Europe – king Sindel and vojvoda (commander) Panuel, Michal, Ondrej“, Romipen 1

[7] „In 1417 Sindel together with other three commanders appears in Budín heading to Košice and later through Levice in south Slovakia to Bratislava with a letter (testimonial) from Hungarian parliament“, „Sindelo was not in such a hurry and obviously he seemed to like central Germany. For some time he stayed near Ravensbrück“, Romipen 2

[3] „This is the only time that the passage of a King Zindel is recorded. […] Apart from that, and a few other references among those who drew on Aventinus, Zindel disappears without trace“, Seite 86

[4] „There is a great temptation to link each sighting of an early band to one of a few named leaders, and – in extreme cases – to trace out neatly on the map of Europe the hypothetical route followed by each one. The supreme example of this can be found in Adriano Colocci’s Gli Zingari (1889), which contains just such a map, showing itineraries of King Sindel […] Despite what was clearly a lively imagination, the most that even Colocci could make of King Zindel was to put him at the head of the incursions to the region around Ratisbon (1424, 1426, 1433, 1439)“, Seite 86

[5] „The institution of the so-called ‘Gypsy kings’ (or rather an imitation of an institution for the sake of the surrounding population) is a phenomenon, which is well known in history. Since the Gypsies came to Western Europe in the 15th c. the historical sources noted their ‘king Sindel, the dukes Andrash, Mihali and Panuel’ […]. This is a case of presenting their leaders according to the general terminology in order to mislead the European rulers into granting privileges for the Gypsies“, Seite 76

[2] Vergleiche History of the Romani people in der englischen Wikipedia.