Makro-Altaisch

Makro-Altaisch oder Nordostasiatischer Sprachbund ist eine Gruppe eurasisch-sibirischer Sprachen, die folgende Sprachfamilien und Einzelsprachen umfasst:

Nordostasiatisch nach Hattori (1964)

Die postulierte makro-altaische Sprachfamilie.

Lange umstritten war die Frage, ob es sich beim Makro-Altaischen um eine genetische Einheit (Sprachfamilie) oder nur um einen Sprachbund typologisch ähnlicher Sprachen mit arealen Kontakten handelt. Stand der Wissenschaft in der Linguistik ist, dass (wie auch bei jeder anderen Version der altaischen Hypothese) keine genetische Einheit vorliegt, sondern ein Sprachbund (bestehend aus den sechs allgemein anerkannten, unumstrittenen, eigenständigen genetischen Einheiten Turksprachen, Mongolisch, Tungusisch, Koreanisch, Japanisch-Ryūkyū und Ainu).[1][2][3][4][5] Der Linguist Alexander Vovin beurteilt Versuche, das Japanische mit den altaischen Sprachen in Verbindung zu bringen, als abwegig und wissenschaftlich wertlos.[6]

Diese Thematik wird im Artikel Altaische Sprachen behandelt.

Einzelnachweise

"While 'Altaic' is repeated in encyclopedias and handbooks most specialists in these languages no longer believe that the three traditional supposed Altaic groups, Turkic, Mongolian and Tungusic, are related." Lyle Campbell & Mauricio J. Mixco: A Glossary of Historical Linguistics. University of Utah Press, 2007, S. 7.
"When cognates proved not to be valid, Altaic was abandoned, and the received view now is that Turkic, Mongolian, and Tungusic are unrelated." Johanna Nichols: Linguistic Diversity in Space and Time. Chicago 1992, S. 4.
"Careful examination indicates that the established families, Turkic, Mongolian, and Tungusic, form a linguistic area (called Altaic)...Sufficient criteria have not been given that would justify talking of a genetic relationship here." R.M.W. Dixon: The Rise and Fall of Languages. Cambridge 1997, S. 32.
"...[T]his selection of features does not provide good evidence for common descent" and "we can observe convergence rather than divergence between Turkic and Mongolic languages--a pattern than is easily explainable by borrowing and diffusion rather than common descent", Asya Pereltsvaig: Languages of the World, An Introduction. Cambridge 2012, has a good discussion of the Altaic hypothesis (S. 211–216).
The Altaic family controversy - Languages Of The World. In: Languages Of The World. 16. Februar 2011 (languagesoftheworld.info [abgerufen am 18. März 2017]).
Alexander Vovin: Origins of the Japanese Language. In: Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Linguistics. Oxford University, September 2017, abgerufen am 29. November 2019 (englisch).

This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. The authors of the article are listed here. Additional terms may apply for the media files, click on images to show image meta data.

[1] "While 'Altaic' is repeated in encyclopedias and handbooks most specialists in these languages no longer believe that the three traditional supposed Altaic groups, Turkic, Mongolian and Tungusic, are related." Lyle Campbell & Mauricio J. Mixco: A Glossary of Historical Linguistics. University of Utah Press, 2007, S. 7.

[2] "When cognates proved not to be valid, Altaic was abandoned, and the received view now is that Turkic, Mongolian, and Tungusic are unrelated." Johanna Nichols: Linguistic Diversity in Space and Time. Chicago 1992, S. 4.

[3] "Careful examination indicates that the established families, Turkic, Mongolian, and Tungusic, form a linguistic area (called Altaic)...Sufficient criteria have not been given that would justify talking of a genetic relationship here." R.M.W. Dixon: The Rise and Fall of Languages. Cambridge 1997, S. 32.

[4] "...[T]his selection of features does not provide good evidence for common descent" and "we can observe convergence rather than divergence between Turkic and Mongolic languages--a pattern than is easily explainable by borrowing and diffusion rather than common descent", Asya Pereltsvaig: Languages of the World, An Introduction. Cambridge 2012, has a good discussion of the Altaic hypothesis (S. 211–216).

[5] The Altaic family controversy - Languages Of The World. In: Languages Of The World. 16. Februar 2011 (languagesoftheworld.info [abgerufen am 18. März 2017]).

[6] Alexander Vovin: Origins of the Japanese Language. In: Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Linguistics. Oxford University, September 2017, abgerufen am 29. November 2019 (englisch).